1. Principals of Art
Lesson 3

2. Bell Ringer Define Mass and Volume.
Which form of art are those 2 terms most used in?
What are the primary hues?

3. Principals of Art
When trying to combine different art elements into a whole artists use certain principles, or guidelines
Principals of art are balance, emphasis, harmony, variety, gradation, movement, rhythm, and proportion
A unified design a skillful blend of elements and principles results when all the parts hold together to produce the best possible effect.
In order to understand works of art you need to know how the principals of art are used

4. BALANCE
Balance refers to a way of combining elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or stability to a work of art
3 TYPES
SYMMETRICAL
ASYMMETRICAL
RADIAL
Symmetrical Balance means a formal balance in which two halves of a work are identical; one half mirrors exactly the other half

5. Balance
Asymmetrical balance is more informal and takes into account such qualities as hue, intensity, and value in addition to size and shape

6. Radial Balance
Radial Balance occurs when objects are positioned around a central point

7. Emphasis
JAN VERMEER OFFICER AND LAUGHING GIRL
Emphasis is the way of developing the main theme in a work of art
Answering the question of “what is the artist trying to say” the emphasis can be obvious
WILLIAM JOHNSON LI’L SIS

8. Contrast of light and dark values
Contrast in color between warms and cools
Soft and hard fabric
Texture areas with smooth areas
Earthly elements vs. heavenly elements
Vertical movement and horizontal movement
CONTRAST
To avoid a painting being monotonous and the viewer would lose interest the artist adds contrast
Look at Tiepolo’s paint of the wise men visiting Mary and the Christ child. What contrast do you see?

9. HARMONY or unity
Liubov Popova Painterly Architectonics
Harmony refers to a way of combining similar elements in an artwork to accent their similarities
It is accomplished through the use of repetitions and subtle, gradual changes.
Joseph Turner Burning of the House of Parliament

10. MOVEMENT
Movement is the Principle of art used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewers eye throughout the work of art
Movement is also used to direct the viewers attention to a center of interest, or to make certain that the main parts of the work are noted
Dell’Arca – The Lamentation
Marcel Duchamp Nude Descending a staircase

11. Rhythm
Rhythm or Pattern is established in a work when elements of the composition, such as curves, angles, or vertical or horizontal lines, are repeated
Pattern can be produced by the repetition of motifs, colors, shapes or lines
David Siqueiros Portrait of a Woman

12. Proportion
Proportion is the principle of art concerned with the relationship of certain elements to the whole and to each other
The large size of one shape compared with the smaller sizes of other shapes creates visual emphasis
In the past and in other cultures artists often relied on the principle of proportion to point out the most important figures or objects in their works
Dr. Johann Gottfried Schadow The Sculptor and Art Student's Guide to the Proportions of the Human Form. (Book illustration.)

13. Proportion

14. Gradation
Antonio M . Ruiz. School Children on Parade Oil on Canvas
Gradation refers to a way of combining elements by using a series of gradual changes in those elements
Ex. Gradual change from small shapes to large shapes or from a dark hue to a light hue
It is a step by step change

15. List at least 3 of the principals of art.
Ticket out the Door
Thursday
List at least 3 of the principals of art.
Compare and contrast symmetrical and radial Balance.