1. Science Olympiad

2.  Description: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of mathematics and physics relating to stellar evolution and Type II Supernova.  A team of up to: 2  Approximate Time: 50 minutes

3.  Event Parameters: Each team may bring either 2 laptops or 2 3-ring binder containing info in any form from any source  Materials must be 3-hole punched and inserted into the rings  Each team member is permitted to bring a programmable calculator  NO INTERNET ACCESS!

4.  Using H-R Diagrams, spectra, light curves, motions, cosmological distance equations and relationships, stellar magnitudes and classification, multi-wavelength images (X- Ray, UV, optical, IR, radio), charts, graphs, animations and DS9 imaging analysis software, students will answer questions

5.  Stellar evolution, including spectral features and chemical composition, luminosity, blackbody radiation, color index (B-V), and H- R Diagram transitions, stellar nurseries and star formation, protostars, main sequence stars

6.  Cepheid variables, semiregular variables, red supergiants, neutron stars, magnetars, pulsars, Wolf-Rayet stars, stellar mass black holes, x-ray binary systems and Type II Supernovas

7.  Lifespan of a star and radical changes  Dependent on mass  Ranges from few million years to trillions of years  All stars born from collapsing clouds of gas and dust

8.  HR Diagram

9.  Kepler’s First Law: Planets move around the sun in ellipses, with the Sun in one focus  Kepler’s Second Law: the line connecting a planet to the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal times  Kepler’s Third Law: The square of a planet’s sidereal period (P) around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the length of its orbit’s semimajor axis (a)  P 2 = a 3, planet closer to the Sun has a shorter year

10.  Use laws, rotation and circular motion to answer questions relating to orbital motions of binary and multiple star systems  Use parallax, spectroscopic parallax, and the distance modulus to calculate distances to Type I and II Cepheids

11.  Cepheid variable stars expand and contract in a repeating cycle of size changes  Change in size is comparable with change in brightness

12.  Identify, know the location and answer questions relating to the content areas outlined above for following object:  Cas A, IGR J17091, NGC 6888/WR 136, PSR J0108- 1431, Cygnus X-1, SXP 1062, M1, V838 Mon, Delta Cep, a Orionis, SN 2010JL, NGC 3582, LHa115- N19, Antares/Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex and IC 1396

13.  Remnant of a massive star that exploded about 300 years ago  10 light years in diameter  50 million degrees

14.  Binary system containing stellar mass black hole  Black hole pulling gas away from a companion star

15.  Nebula

16.  Solitary Pulsar located in constellation Cetus  424 Light years away

17.  Well known galactic X-ray source in Cygnus constellation

18.  Supernova in constellation Tucana  180,000 Light years away

19.  Crab nebula

20.  Constellation Monoceros  Red variable star

21.  Binary Star System  887 Light years away

23.  All questions will have been assigned a predetermined number of points. The highest score wins. Selected questions having differentiated weights will be used to break ties.

24.  Aavso.org  Chandra.harvard.edu  Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov  Nightsky.ie  Atlasoftheuniverse.com  Email Astronomy professor from IUN at lciupik@adlerplanetarium.org