1. Cholera http://www.hispanicallyspeakingnews.com/latino-daily-news/details/mexican-govt-says-cholera-outbreak-is-under-control/28126/

2. The earthquake in Haiti in 2010 strained the already limited water sanitation systems http://spring2013env3400haiti.wordpress.com/2013/04/03/49/

3. UN peacekeepers from Nepal brought cholera to Haiti http://www.newser.com/story/143127/how-the-un-infected-haiti-with-cholera-and-failed-to-fix-it.html http://oreaddaily.blogspot.com/2014/10/haiti-land-that-world-forgot-but.html

4. http://archives.focus.hms.harvard.edu/1996/Feb16_1996/On_the_Quad.html Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae

5. Cholera is transmitted by eating or drinking contaminated substances http://www.kelowna.com/2010/11/22/haiti-cholera-outbreak-claims-more-lives/

6. There are many strains of Vibrio cholerae, but only O1 and O139 cause cholera http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/media/transfer/doc/factfile_cholera.pdf

7. Interestingly, Vibrio bacteria occur naturally in ocean water across the globe http://www.foxnews.com/health/2013/10/11/31-in-florida-infected-by-bacteria-in-salt-water/

8. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Digestive_system_without_labels.svg Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Flagellum The cholera bacteria moves through the digestive system and attaches to the inner cells of the small intestine

9. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2005_9/Page2.htm By changing the chemical balance of your intestinal cells, cholera purges itself from your body

10. Cholera toxin stops the CFTR protein from regulating water and ion flow http://users.ox.ac.uk/~genemed/cysticfibrosis/function.html ___________ _ _ - _ ___________ _ _ - _

11. In cholera, death is due to fluid and electrolyte loss via diarrhea and vomiting http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/en/

12. Genome sequencing shows that the same strain of Vibrio cholerae is present in Nepal and Haiti http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163938/figure/f1/

13. From a disease that had not killed anyone in Haiti for more than 100 years, now 1 in 15 Haitians dies of cholera http://bigcarnival.blogspot.com/2012/04/u.html

14. Cholera is a highly treatable and preventable disease.

15. Rehydration therapy is the primary treatment for cholera http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/20121115101554961482.html

16. 75% of cholera patients do not develop symptoms and only 10% need clinical treatment http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/illness.html

17. Cholera has swept the globe in a series of seven pandemics http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1214179

18. 99% of cases occur in Africa and southern Asia and 50% of cases and deaths are in children under 5 http://johnbirchall.pbworks.com/w/page/9221071/Sierra%20Leone%20-%20Child%20Health

19. There are 3-5 million cases and ~100,000 deaths per year http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/illness.html

20. “Cholera is a good illustration of the vicious cycle of poverty and disease, in which the most vulnerable people are most likely to be victims….How much time will it take before we can provide basic sanitation to the 83% of Haitians without latrines?” ~Dr. Charles Almazor, Zanmi Lasante Clinic

21. Sources http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra043184 http://advan.physiology.org/content/29/2/75 http://users.ox.ac.uk/~genemed/cysticfibrosis/function.html http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6088/1493.long http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163938/figure/f1/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21862630 http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/3/11-093427/en/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762952 http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/02/how-the-un-caused-haitis-cholera-crisis-and-wont-be-held-responsible/273526/ http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/illness.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/world/americas/haitis-cholera-outraced-the-experts-and-tainted-the-un.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2005_9/Page2.htm http://cosmos.ucdavis.edu/archives/2007/cluster7/cabuguason_gleisel.pdf http://www.microbelibrary.org/library/disease/3005-cholera-toxin-mechanism-of-action http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/media/transfer/doc/factfile_cholera.pdf http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/ http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/general/ http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/03/21/292225770/lack-of-working-sewers-allows-haitis-cholera-outbreak-to-persist http://www.pih.org/blog/reflecting-on-the-cholera-outbreak-in-haiti-three-years-later http://www.newrepublic.com/article/119976/haiti-cholera-case-begins-us-defends-un-against-victims http://spring2013env3400haiti.wordpress.com/2013/04/03/49/ http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/20121115101554961482.html http://www.marylandhealthybeaches.org/vibrio.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000303.htm http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2005_9/Page2.htm http://www.zmescience.com/medicine/5-pandemics-that-plagued-mankind/ http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/3/11-093427/en/