1. 1685-1750

2. Baroque – derived from the Portuguese word barroco meaning “an irregular shaped pearl” Era of absolute monarchy Religious wars Protestants vs. Catholics Rise of the middle-class Poverty and wasteful luxury Advances in Science Kepler, Galileo, Copernicus “I am the State” Heliocentric

3. 1685-1750 Born in Eisenach, Germany Came from a large family of musicians Learned to play violin from his father Studied organ with his older brother, a student of Pachelbel Married Twice Maria Barbara Bach – Seven Children Anna Magdelana – Thirteen Children Critics thought his music was too old fashioned, revival of interest in works began in early nineteenth century “Music must serve the glory of God”

4. Two separate publications, each has twenty-four preludes and fugues. Pairs of movements in each collections are set in all major and minor keys. Demonstrates possibilities for playing in all keys on an instrument tuned in equal temperament. Pianists “Old Testament” – New Testament being Beethoven’s thrity-two piano sonatas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =dFmGbYXt7U8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =dFmGbYXt7U8

5. Toccata in D Minor BWV 565 BWV - Bach Werke Verzeichnis (Bach Works Catalogue) http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=ipzR9bhei_o

6. Six Works dedicated to the margrave of Brandenburg Concerto Instrumental genre in several movements for solo instrument and orchestra Concerto Grosso Baroque concerto type based on opposition between a small group of solo instruments (concertino) and orchestra (ripieno) Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F Major http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EC1E4_imS0A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCnJ1Rk93_g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jtk4ETAx8g

7. TimeSectionDescription 0:00Ritornello 1Full Ensemble 0:18Solo 1Violin 0:23Ritornello 2Full Ensemble 0:28Solo 2Oboe and Violin 0:33Ritornello 3Full Ensemble 0:37Solo 3Recorder and Oboe 0:42Ritornello 4Full Ensemble 0:47Solo 4Trumpet and Recorder 0:52Ritornello 5Full Ensemble 1:06Solo 5Trumpet, Violin, Recorder, Oboe 1:11Ritornello 6Full Ensemble 2:19Solo 6Recorder, Violin, Oboe, Trumpet 2:38Tutti – Various exchanges between instruments 4:00Ritornello 7Full Ensemble

8. Early life Mother died when he was nine, father died within a year Weimar Required to write a new cantata every month Jumped at the opportunity of a new position in C öthen Duke William Ernst was infuriated and sent him to jail for a month C öthen Employed by the Prince of Leopold of Anhalt- C öthen, held a position of Capellmeister – highest rank for a musician at the time. Returned from a trip to find his wife had died. At this time he wrote the Partita No.2 for solo violin in D minor.

9. Sets of dance-inspired movements for solo instruments, small groups, or orchestra. All written in the same key but differ in tempo, meter, and character. Movements have a variety of national origins: Allemande – Germany Courante – France Gavotte - France Sarabande – Spain Gigue – England/Ireland

10. Usually begins with a movement that is not dance-inspired. French Overture Two parts First Section Slow section with dotted rhythms Second Section Quick and lighter, often begins as a fugue. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= z2SGb0x7Jqw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= z2SGb0x7Jqw

11. Typically the first movement in a suite, later is preceded by a prelude. “French for German” Binary Form Quadruple meter Begins on an upbeat Bass line moves in a stepwise melodic line

12. French for Courir “To Run” Binary Form Triple Meter Begins on an upbeat Continuous Triplets Sequencing – minor scale http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WNrH9PK0ug

13. Slow dance Binary Form Triple Meter Theme returns in the Chaconne. Very solemn longing feel expressed throughout http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0FEXtupkp0

14. French for Jig Binary Form Compound Meter Moderately Fast

15. Variations over basso continuo Dance song imported from Latin America to Spain later moved to Italy where it was known at the Ciaconna. Most well-known movement of any partita http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ke34bIxmVas