1. Disaster Prevention of a High Speed Rail System – Lessons learnt in a recent earthquake T.C. Kao Vice President - Engineering (retired) Taiwan HSR Corp. Professor National Taiwan University Visiting Scholar and Professor University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign N ational T aiwan U niversity

2. Disaster Prevention System

3. How to prevent ? Strengthen infrastructure Installing protection measures Installing disaster warning systems Operation of procedures Training

4. Disasters Earthquake Strong wind Heavy rainfall Flood Landslide Rock fall Avalanche Vehicular intrusion

5. 5 Design for Safety Appropriate loading, Speed & Specifications Easy to evacuate the passenger under abnormal conditions –emergency exits cases at least every 3000m To contain the train on viaduct in case of derailment –To provide derailment protection wall on both sides of tracks.

6. Protective Systems

7. Disaster Warning Systems Wind Velocity Detector Flood Detector Rain Fall Detector Land Slide Detector Track Safety Protection Equip. Earthquake Detector Vehicle Fall Detection Rock Fall Detector Signal O3 loop Switch Machine Track Circuit Disaster warning systems Substation

8. THSRC Disaster Warning Systems Earthquake – 51 (11 Main + 40 Sub) Strong Wind – 21 Heavy Rain – 18 Flood – 42 Landslide – 60 Rock Fall – 96 Intrusion of Vehicles – 34

9. Example – THSRC TRAIN OPERATION RESTRICTION RULES FOR EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

10. Area of control/ Operation restriction area

11. THSRC disaster warning system sole Universal Console > 120 gal > 80 gal > 40 gal

12. Operation Restriction Rules for Natural Hazards (THSRC-BL2000-015) Earthquake LevelTrain Operation Restriction within Affected Area Emergency Patrol by Maintenance staff (Civil, Track, & OCS Staff) Alarm Level StrengthStop trains immediately Train Operation Stop Train Speed Restriction (Note 1) Ground Patrol to Resume Operation 1 ≧ 40gal ＜ 80gal (4.0 to 4.4 Richter) Yes None (Resume operation Bas directed by OCC) Under 70km/h (30km/h in special cases (Note 2)) None 2 ≧ 80gal ＜ 120gal (4.5 to 4.9 Richter) Yes Under 70km/h (30km/h in special cases (Note 2)) Yes Ground Patrol and inspection of specific infrastructure points in the affected area by the Civil, Track & OCS staff. 3 ≧ 120gal (5.0 and above) Yes Under 70km/h (30km/h in special cases (Note 2)) Yes Ground Patrol and inspection in the affected area by the Civil, Track & OCS staff. Note 1: According to the line condition by construction, weather, etc. and regard a more serious Train Speed Restriction is needed, the Train Speed Restriction shall follow the recommendation of the Permanent Way. Note 2: Considering the weather condition of Continuous Rainfall, temperature visibility etc.

13. Document Tree for Response to Natural Hazards Maintenance procedure to response to Earthquake Operation Implementation Regulation THSRC-CF2-200-001 Train Operation Restriction Rules for Natural Hazards THSRC-BL2000-015 Disaster Warning System Operation Regulation to Respond to Earthquake Maintenance Procedure to Respond to Earthquake

14. Implementation of Procedures Operation Implementation Regulation THSRC-CF2- 200-001 Maintenance procedure to response to Earthquake Train Controller Power Controller Facility Controller Chief Controller Passenger Service Controller Timetable Controller Train Crew & Trainset Controller

15. Rainfall operation controls

16. 2010 Kaohsiung Earthquake (March 4, 2010)

17. What happen? The Earthquake The impact on the train operation The reaction of the disaster warning system The passenger experience

18. Magnitude 6.4 Earthquake a max 0.29 g

19. Landslide in adjacent area

20. Six trains affected Train # 101 401 403 105 405 408 Speed (Km/hr) 298 160 92 294 296 289

23. How the train react? ( Train # 110) DWS trigger ATC ground On board Brake applied 1.2 sec0.67 sec Total 1.87 sec 08 19:11 TK294.1 08 19:12.208 19:12.87 Bogie Instability Detector alarm 08 19:20.1708 20:28 Train stop TK297.1 298 kph TK296.5 272 kph TK293.8 3.3km (76 sec)

24. Six trains affected Train # 101 401 403 105 405 408 Speed (Km/hr) 298 160 92 294 296 289 Time(sec) 76 35 19 80 82 79 Distance (km) 3.3 0.8 0.3 3.5 3.6 3.4

25. The passenger experience 8:06 am boarding the north bound HST # 101 Suddenly, the train started vibrating and became more severely. Hitting rock, dust came up Felt helpless Subside & finally stop Announcement: “ Waiting for reason of train stop.” Announcement: “ Due to earthquake…..”

26. The passenger experience (cont’d) Communication with outside world Fire broke out in nearby factory Headcounts About 2 hours later start disembarking Excited to walk on a railway and take photo with the derailed train.

27. End Any questions?