1. Tax, VAT & Working With Corporates Bill Lewis 14 November 2012

2. Tax - why does it matter?  Charity law: charities should not carry out a non-charitable activity  Income/corporation tax: Charities run the risk of paying tax on profits  Rates: carrying out non-charitable activity affects entitlement to rates relief  VAT implications

3. Five Step Test  Does the activity amount to trading?  Does the charity have power to carry out trading?  Is it primary purpose trading?  If not, does the trading fall within any tax exemptions?  If not, should it be carried out through a trading subsidiary?

4. Tax Exemptions  Primary Purpose Trading  Anciliary Trading  Small Scale Trading  Donations  One off fundraising events

5. Small Scale Trading Activities  First £5,000 of Charity’s gross annual trading income is exempt from VAT, or  If incoming resources are in excess of £20,000 then 25% of incoming resources are exempt from tax up to a maximum exemption of £50,000  Income must be applied solely to charity’s purposes  Exemption applies to income not otherwise exempt - e.g. fundraising exemption

6. Fundraising Events Tax & VAT Exemption  Event organised and promoted as for charity fundraising by a charity or its trading company  No more than 15 events of the same type in the same location, ignoring events where gross income is £1,000 or less  Events can have no more than 2 nights accommodation

7. Exemption covers  Admission charge, brochures, sales of advertising space, other items sold at the event, sponsorship, raffles  NB IF THE CORPORATE ORGANISES THE EVENT THE EXEMPTION DOES NOT APPLY

8. Trading Company?  If not primary purpose trading, and  No tax exemption  Then consider routing income through trading subsidiary  Driver for using a trading company is usually corporation tax saving rather than VAT saving

9. Advantages of Trading Company  Avoids charity incurring a corporation tax charge  Ring fences other risks into a separate organisation  May enhance VAT recovery - I.e. VAT on costs may be recovered when they could not be recovered when run through the charity

10. How is corporation tax saved?  Charity owned trading subsidiaries are liable to corporation tax just like any other company  But if they gift aid profits to the parent charity the gift is tax deductible  Downside is that if tax is to be avoided completely no money profits can be left in the trading subsidiary for investment.  Therefore consider charity to trading co. loans

11. Tax, VAT & Corporate Sponsors  Pure donations are outside the scope of VAT and not subject to tax in the hands of the charity – but how often is a payment from a corporate supporter a pure donation?

12. Tax, VAT & Corporate Sponsors For example corporate might want:  Website links  Display of logo and Corporate Colours  Descriptions/endorsements of its products and services  Use of charity’s mailing list  Right to sell goods on the charity’s premises/website

13. Tax, VAT & Corporate Sponsors Other examples of what a corporate might want:  Volunteering experiences for staff  Staff training Can you think of other examples?

14. Tax, VAT & Corporate Sponsors Providing such benefits to corporate supporters in return for their support will mean that their donations are treated as fees subject to tax and VAT.

15. What to do?  Split payment between donation to charity and fee subject to VAT to trading company. Fee is commercial value of sponsorship.  Or fee of 10% of sponsorship is usually safe if no known commercial value.  Smaller fee if sponsorship huge but benefit to sponsor small.  Bigger fee if benefits huge

16. Know Your Corporate  Bear in mind that most corporate supporters can recover any VAT you charge them, but those whose services are VAT exempt cannot – in particular banks and insurers. Charging VAT hurts them  On a practical level many CSR employees of big companies see VAT as an extra cost when in most cases the company can recover it. Have them talk to their Finance people.

17. Examples to discuss  Soft drink company’s support of a childrens charity in return for various benefits.  Name and logo of corporate appearing in annual report of charity and nothing else  Website links between charity and corporate and nothing else

18. How can I have my cake and eat it? Alternative solution. Corporate makes a pure and unconditional donation to the charity, which without any obligation to do so gives publicity etc to the corporate. Nothing in the grant agreement or correspondence or emails between charity and corporate indicates that publicity must be given. Payment remains a tax and VAT free donation. BE VERY CAREFUL WITH THIS ROUTE.

19. Bill Lewis Tax Consultant Bates Wells & Braithwaite London LLP 2 – 6 Cannon Street London EC4M 6YH Tel: 020 7551 7777 E-mail: b.lewis@bwbllp.co.uk