1. Chapter 25 Alcohol Lesson 1 Alcohol Use: A High Risk Behavior p. 550

2. Health Terms Ethanol Fermentation Intoxication

3. What is Alcohol? 1.Ethanol A powerful drug Made synthetically or Naturally by fermentation 2.Fermentation of grains, fruits, and vegetables Beer Wine Liquo 3.Depressant Slows the central nervous system

4. Alcohol and Teens 1/2 of teens who die each year are a direct result of alcohol or other drugs automobile crashes Alcohol is involved in many unplanned pregnancies, STD’s, violence, suicides, and homicides. Nearly 5 million problem drinkers are ages 14 to 17

5. Alcohol and Teens cont’d A High Risk Behavior: Alcohol can have a negative effect on: School work Athletic performance Friendships Family relationships Career goals

6. Why Young People Drink To escape pressures or problems To feel better To deal with stress To feel more confident socially For excitement Because their friends are drinking Boredom To get away with something against the rules To fit in

7. Factors that Affect Teen Alcohol Use 1.Friends Peer pressure Difficult to say “NO” Especially when you want to fit in 2.Family When teens see parents use alcohol to relax or socialize, they will do the same

8. Factors that Affect Teen Alcohol Use cont’d 3.Advertising Over $1 billion a year spent Young, attractive people Party-like atmosphere Often a healthful environment Problem-free drinking A warning that doesn’t really say anything about the risks By ninth grade most teens will have seen more ads for wine and beer than any other ad Message of successful, romantic, and problem-free relationships Sporting events sponsored by alcoholic beverages College campus equipment (scoreboards) purchased by alcohol companies Articles of clothing with advertising

9. You and Your Decisions About Drinking Everyone has the right to feel loved and important. Alcohol doesn’t have to be a part of that sense of belonging. As you apply your decision-making skills, you will see that the negative far outweighs the positive.

10. Chapter 25 Alcohol Lesson 2 What Alcohol Does to the Body p. 555

11. Health Terms Blood alcohol concentration Designated driver Fatty liver Cirrhosis Fetal alcohol syndrome

12. Short-Term Effects of Drinking Depends on several factors: 1.Amount of alcohol consumed 2.Gender of person 3.Size of person 4.Amount of food in person’s stomach

13. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d I.Brain II.Liver III.Blood vessels IV.Heart V.Kidneys VI.Stomach

14. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Brain Alcohol reaches brain almost immediately Depress the activity of the brain Slows the CNS (central nervous system) Thought processes are disorganized Memory is disorganized Concentration is dulled Decision making is badly affected

15. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Liver Changes alcohol to water, carbon dioxide, and energy through the process called OXIDATION There is NO WAY to speed this process Including a shower or coffee 10 to 15 ml of alcohol are oxidized per hour The rest of the alcohol continues to circulate

16. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Blood Vessels Dilate or widen Causes increased blood flow Especially to the skin Creates a false sense of warmth Causes rapid body heat loss – risk of hypothermia

17. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Heart Increases heart rate Arrhythmias or Abnormal heart beats Causes scar tissue build-up in heart muscle Increased risk of heart attack Increased risk of stroke

18. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Kidneys Alcohol affect the pituitary gland Which in-turn affect the kidneys Kidneys produce more urine A person often feels dehydrated the next day

19. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Stomach Alcohol increases gastric juice More alcohol, more gastric juices Irritates stomach lining Internal bleeding Food slows but DOES NOT eliminate alcohol absorption

20. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Driving Under the Influence DUI Blood Alcohol Concentration or BAC - first signs of impairment at 0.02 BAC - VA law under 21 is 0.02 - VA law 21 and over is 0.08

21. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d BAC is affected by: Gender Weight Metabolism Amount of alcohol consumed Food in person’s stomach Time spend drinking Time following last drink

22. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Drinking at any level: Reduces ability to judge distance, speed, & turns Reduces the ability to judge one’s capabilities and limitations Increases risk taking Slows reflexe Adds to forgetfulness Use turn signals Reduces ability to concentrate

23. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Consequences of DUI 1.DEATH not only to the drinker, but the nondrinker victim Each day 11 teens are killed & 350 are injured in alcohol related crashes.

24. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d 2.Immediate confiscation of driver’s license 3.Arrest, trip to jail, court appearance, 4.& fine 5.Possible suspension of driver’s license 6.Possible mandatory jail sentence 7.Cost of bail 8.Higher insurance rates 9.Possible lawsuits

25. Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Efforts to Reduce DUI Laws BAC of 0.08 or lower Illegal to have an open alcohol container Mandatory breath, blood, & urine test Refusal to test is an automatic suspension of driver’s license May go to jail immediately Organizations – helpful in establishing laws MADD SADD Designated Drivers (DD) One who chooses to not drink so to safely drive others

26. Long-Term Effects of Drinking I.Brain Damage I.Chronic Liver Problems I.Tolerance and Dependence I.The multiplier Effect

27. Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Brain Damage Decrease brain size Destroy brain cells Loss of intellectual abilities Memory Problem solving Every day functions

28. Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Chronic Liver Problems The liver processes fats. With alcohol consumption, fats are blocked and build up on the liver. Thus the liver cannot function normally. Cirrhosis Liver failure Hepatitis Death

29. Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d Tolerance & Dependence Tolerance – the body gets used alcohol and need to drink more to produce the same effects Withdrawal – a range of symptoms that include jumpiness, sleeplessness, sweats, poor appetite, tremors, convulsions, hallucinations Dependence – the body develops a need for alcohol; marked by tolerance and withdrawal.

30. Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d The Multiplier Effect A combination of alcohol and other drugs (illegal, OTC, or prescription) will alter the way alcohol affects the body. Unpredictable Accidental deaths

31. Alcohol and Pregnancy Fetal Alcohol Syndrome FAS Alcohol consumed by a pregnant female goes from her blood directly to the fetus’ blood through the placenta and umbilical cord

32. Alcohol and Pregnancy FAS cont’d Low birth weight Impaired speech Cleft palate General weakness Slow body growth Facial abnormalities Poor condition Heart defects Mental retardation FAS is the leading cause of MR in USA Poor attention span Nervousness Hyperactivity

33. Chapter 25 Alcohol Lesson 3 Alcohol and Society p. 562

34. Health Terms Binge drinking Alcohol poisoning Alcoholism Delirium tremens (DT’s)

35. Patterns of Alcohol Abuse Binge Drinking Popular with some High school students College students Takes the form of a social event or contest Mistaken as no problem because drinking doesn’t occur every day Alcohol Poisoning 0.40 BAC 5 times the legal limit for driving Interrupts the brains ability to control breathing Can lead to death

36. Alcoholism Myth Alcoholism is just a passing state Alcoholics are easily recognized **Alcoholics Fact Alcoholism is a disease Many appear clean & orderly need help**

37. Alcoholism cont’d Traits of the Alcoholic They are preoccupied with alcohol Once they pick up a drink, they cannot promise or predict What they say How much they will drink Cannot manage stress without alcohol May have memory lapses with drinking May have personality changes

38. Alcoholism cont’d Stages of Alcoholism Stage one: abuse Begins with social drinking Often to relax or relieve stress/depression Gradually drinking becomes necessary to manage stress A physical & psychological dependency develops The drinker may have short-term memory loss The drinker makes excuses for his/her drinking behavior Alcohol tolerance increases Labeled a “problem drinker”

39. Alcoholism cont’d Stages of Alcoholism cont’d Stage two: dependence Gradually the person cannot stop drinking The person is physically dependent on the drug May drink alone and daily Physical & mental problems become evident More excuses are made for drinking Drinker blames others Defensive behavior is evident Drinker denies or hides the problem The body develops more tolerance Drinking becomes central to the person’s life Job/school performance decreases Absenteeism increases

40. Alcoholism cont’d Stages of Alcoholism cont’d Stage three: addiction Drinking is more important than anything else in the person’s life The problem cannot be denied The problem cannot be controlled There may be hallucinations Alcohol becomes a constant companion Malnutrition The person has fallen apart physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially The person now has reverse tolerance; less alcohol to cause drunkenness DT’s if alcohol consumption is stopped

41. Alcoholism cont’d DT’s Delirium Tremens Hot and cold flashes Severe tremors Nightmares Hallucinations Fear of people and animals

42. Alcoholism cont’d Alcoholism cannot be cured… It can be treated. 2/3 of alcoholics recover with proper treatment Treatment goals is to control or stop alcohol intake Support groups AA or Alcohol Anonymous – for the alcoholic Alateen – for the 12-20 year-old affected by an alcoholic Al-Anon – for the person who are close to an alcoholic

43. Alcoholism cont’d Costs to the Family 3 million teen alcoholics All stages of alcoholism plays a major role in the 4 leading causes of accidental death Car crashes Falls Drownings Burns 20-30% of suicides

44. Alcoholism cont’d Costs to the Family cont’d Alcohol plays a major role Domestic violence Spousal & child abuse Elderly abuse Marital separation/divorce Stressors & factors in troubled families People who live with alcoholics are called codependents They ignore their own needs and concentrate on the needs of the alcoholic Often times damaging their own health

45. Alcoholism cont’d Costs to Society 100,000 Americans die from alcohol relates incidents: traffic crashes homicides suicides

46. Alcoholism cont’d Costs to Society cont’d Off the highway incidents 6 million nonfatal 15,000 fatalities Industrial incidents 40% fatalities 47% injuries Medical costs $83 billion to drug abuse $116 billion to alcohol abuse Employer costs Approximately $30 billion a year lost revenue

47. Choosing to Be Alcohol Free “I don’t need it” “I don’t have to drink to be popular” “I don’t need to drink to be accepted, to have fun, or to act in some way that I usually wouldn’t”

48. Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d Saying NO to Alcohol Takes a firm mental commitment Practice what you are going to say Keep the turn-down Polite Confident To the point Sometimes Humorous Creative

49. Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d Alcohol and Sexual Activity Alcohol affects a person’s judgment and self control Alcohol affects a person’s judgment and self control Interfere with emotions, decisions, and behavior Person’s how are shy or socially uncomfortable may use alcohol as an “ice- breaker” Find themselves in a situation they later regret Engage in sexual activity

50. Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d Alcohol and Sexual Activity cont’d Extreme unhealthy behavior HIV/AIDS STD’s Unplanned pregnancy Ruined reputation Date rape Other violence

51. Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d REMEMBER Making a decision to practice abstinence from ALL risk behaviors is the best way to avoid injury and illness and maintain good health.

52. Which Life to Choose? A.Choose a life free of alcohol and other drugs… A.To pursue goals B.At a steady pace C.Be successful and healthy A.Get side tracked and thrown off course all together with alcohol and drug use