4. By virtue of the sloping topography of the region and the quality of the soil, as well as its proximity to the Dead Sea fault, region is exposed to many of natural disasters such as earthquakes, flash floods, landslides and rockslides. (DEM) showing the region general topography Slope attribute extracted from the DEM of the region

5. Flash Floods Landslides Earthquakes Rock Fall

6. يقع اقليم البترا على مجموعة كبيرة من الفوالق (Fault Lines) الزلازلالزلازل DRR measures adopted by PDTRA

7. Making Cities Resilient Campaign-My City is Getting Ready! Petra has joined the global campaign 2010-2015 Making Cities Resilient in Sept, 2012 and officially announced on the 18 th of March 2013 Petra has joined the global campaign 2010-2015 Making Cities Resilient in Sept, 2012 and officially announced on the 18 th of March 2013 Local progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (First and Second Cycles) Local progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (First and Second Cycles) Local progress report on the implementation of the 10 Essentials for Making Cities Resilient (First and Second Cycles) Local progress report on the implementation of the 10 Essentials for Making Cities Resilient (First and Second Cycles) Making Cities Resilient Campaign-My City is Getting Ready! Petra has joined the global campaign 2010-2015 Making Cities Resilient in Sept, 2012 and officially announced on the 18 th of March 2013 Petra has joined the global campaign 2010-2015 Making Cities Resilient in Sept, 2012 and officially announced on the 18 th of March 2013 Local progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (First and Second Cycles) Local progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (First and Second Cycles) Local progress report on the implementation of the 10 Essentials for Making Cities Resilient (First and Second Cycles) Local progress report on the implementation of the 10 Essentials for Making Cities Resilient (First and Second Cycles)

8. Integrated Risk Assessment To identify which hazards are most likely to occur in the Petra that have the biggest impact on a community’s or individual’s assets such as Flash Floods, Land & Rock slides, and Earthquakes aiming to: To assist communities in pre-disaster mitigation plans. To assist communities in pre-disaster mitigation plans. To generate hazards maps (Seismic, landslides, rock falls, and floods hazards). To generate hazards maps (Seismic, landslides, rock falls, and floods hazards). To identify element at risk and estimate the Vulnerability value. To identify element at risk and estimate the Vulnerability value. To calculate the damage and assess the risk, due to the particular hazard. To calculate the damage and assess the risk, due to the particular hazard. Integrated Risk Assessment To identify which hazards are most likely to occur in the Petra that have the biggest impact on a community’s or individual’s assets such as Flash Floods, Land & Rock slides, and Earthquakes aiming to: To assist communities in pre-disaster mitigation plans. To assist communities in pre-disaster mitigation plans. To generate hazards maps (Seismic, landslides, rock falls, and floods hazards). To generate hazards maps (Seismic, landslides, rock falls, and floods hazards). To identify element at risk and estimate the Vulnerability value. To identify element at risk and estimate the Vulnerability value. To calculate the damage and assess the risk, due to the particular hazard. To calculate the damage and assess the risk, due to the particular hazard.

9. Integrated Risk Assessment The results of the study area, which is around 7 square kilometres, are mapped to a grid with a resolution of one hundred by one hundred meters “Geo-Unit” size. Integrated Risk Assessment The results of the study area, which is around 7 square kilometres, are mapped to a grid with a resolution of one hundred by one hundred meters “Geo-Unit” size.

10. Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Hazard Maps Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Hazard Maps The geological map of Petra Region The magnetic map of Petra Region

11. Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Study has developed two earthquake scenarios of the potential levels of future. The first scenario based on a future Magnitude 7 earthquake of the Dead Sea Fault Zone with epicenter distance of 140 Km. The second scenario is based on a future magnitude 7 earthquake of the Gulf of Aqaba Fault Zone with an epicenter distance 100 Km. Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Study has developed two earthquake scenarios of the potential levels of future. The first scenario based on a future Magnitude 7 earthquake of the Dead Sea Fault Zone with epicenter distance of 140 Km. The second scenario is based on a future magnitude 7 earthquake of the Gulf of Aqaba Fault Zone with an epicenter distance 100 Km.

12. Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Damage Probability Summary – Scenario 1 Damage Probability Summary – Scenario 2 Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Damage Probability Summary – Scenario 1 Damage Probability Summary – Scenario 2

13. Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Damage probability for building, economic losses, human losses Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Damage probability for building, economic losses, human losses Moderate damage Economic losses Injured at 2 am Moderate damage Economic losses Injured at 2 am

14. Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Vulnerability of elements to failure of retaining walls Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Vulnerability of elements to failure of retaining walls Retaining Walls at Risk under Seismic Hazard High-tension power lines pylons at risk due to Seismic Hazard

15. Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment The results are summarised in the following: Most of the buildings have either no damage or a moderate damage for both scenarios based either on a seismic source in the Dead Sea region or in the Aqaba region. The building classes that appear most vulnerable represent buildings built after 2000, and classified as medium capacity code. The most common building type is low rise low cost, one way frame, which is also the most resilient, with 56% probability of no damage. The Low rise, soft stories post 2000 building (commercial buildings, however the loss could be greater if with a higher number of storeys. The probability of collapse or extensive damage is negligible for most building, however with cumulative probability of exceedance between 3% and 7 %. There is a substantial scatter in economic losses per geo-unit, from a minimum economic loss: 0 JDT per geo-unit to a maximum economic loss: > 1.0 M JDT per geo-unit. The casualty study shows that given the level of physical damage, the probability of deaths is 0. The highest probability of injured losses is at 2:00 am as it should be expected considering that the most common use is residential The most common injured level is LOW at 2:00 am However at 17:00 the MEDIUM injured level is 10% probability reflecting the enhanced fragility of some of the commercial buildings highlighted above. Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment The results are summarised in the following: Most of the buildings have either no damage or a moderate damage for both scenarios based either on a seismic source in the Dead Sea region or in the Aqaba region. The building classes that appear most vulnerable represent buildings built after 2000, and classified as medium capacity code. The most common building type is low rise low cost, one way frame, which is also the most resilient, with 56% probability of no damage. The Low rise, soft stories post 2000 building (commercial buildings, however the loss could be greater if with a higher number of storeys. The probability of collapse or extensive damage is negligible for most building, however with cumulative probability of exceedance between 3% and 7 %. There is a substantial scatter in economic losses per geo-unit, from a minimum economic loss: 0 JDT per geo-unit to a maximum economic loss: > 1.0 M JDT per geo-unit. The casualty study shows that given the level of physical damage, the probability of deaths is 0. The highest probability of injured losses is at 2:00 am as it should be expected considering that the most common use is residential The most common injured level is LOW at 2:00 am However at 17:00 the MEDIUM injured level is 10% probability reflecting the enhanced fragility of some of the commercial buildings highlighted above.

16. Flooding Hazard And Risk Assessment Aims to provide a rational basis for flood management decision-making at a national scale and locally Flooding Hazard And Risk Assessment Aims to provide a rational basis for flood management decision-making at a national scale and locally Petra watershed and Sub-Catchment area with respect to drainage area

17. Flooding Hazard And Risk Assessment Petra Topographic map and drainage of the study area

18. Flooding Hazard And Risk Assessment Four flash flood hazard scenarios at 25, 50, 75, 100 years Peak flow and flood volume were estimated for different return periods ranging from 25 to 100. Floodplain Zone in the main water paths were determined using ArcGIS software. Four types or levels of floodplains were defined: – 25 years Floodplain Zone probability of flooding (4%) – 50 years Floodplain Zone Moderate probability of flooding (greater than 2%) – 75 years Floodplain Zone low -Moderate probability of flooding (greater than 1.5% – 100 years Floodplain Zone Low probability of flooding (1%). Flooding Hazard And Risk Assessment Four flash flood hazard scenarios at 25, 50, 75, 100 years Peak flow and flood volume were estimated for different return periods ranging from 25 to 100. Floodplain Zone in the main water paths were determined using ArcGIS software. Four types or levels of floodplains were defined: – 25 years Floodplain Zone probability of flooding (4%) – 50 years Floodplain Zone Moderate probability of flooding (greater than 2%) – 75 years Floodplain Zone low -Moderate probability of flooding (greater than 1.5% – 100 years Floodplain Zone Low probability of flooding (1%).

19. Flooding Hazard And Risk Assessment 25 year Floodplain Zone 50 years Floodplain Zone 75 year Floodplain Zone 100 years Floodplain Zone

20. Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment Aims to identify: Areas of potential hazards. Area zonation using a 100m*100m. Land use and land cover. Developing landslide and rock fall susceptibility maps for Petra. Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment Aims to identify: Areas of potential hazards. Area zonation using a 100m*100m. Land use and land cover. Developing landslide and rock fall susceptibility maps for Petra.

21. Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment Landslide Hazard Evaluation Rating Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment Landslide Hazard Evaluation Rating Landslide Susceptibility Classes According to TEHD Values (BIS, 1998)

22. Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment Map for the Surveyed and Documented areas

23. Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment Rock fall Hazard Rating System (RHRS) Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment Rock fall Hazard Rating System (RHRS) Preliminary Rating System Rate C-Low Rate B-Moderate Rate A-High Rate C-Low Rate B-Moderate Rate A-High Typical areas rated as Rock fall Susceptibility

24. Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment Landslide and Rock fall Susceptibility Potential Map Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment Landslide and Rock fall Susceptibility Potential Map Landslide Susceptibility Potential Map Rock fall Susceptibility Potential Map

25. Landslides and Rock falls Hazard and Risk Assessment

27. Landslide Susceptibility Potential Map under Seismic Condition

28. T HANKS F OR L ISTENING