1. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Wellness and Fitness for Life Chapter 1

2. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Good health is a cherished yet often overlooked possession Good health is a cherished yet often overlooked possession Good health depends on many factors, the most important of which are our actions and the choices we make Good health depends on many factors, the most important of which are our actions and the choices we make Staying healthy is a lifelong process that requires self-awareness, introspection, inquiry, accurate information, and action Staying healthy is a lifelong process that requires self-awareness, introspection, inquiry, accurate information, and action

3. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Wellness An active process through which people become aware of, and make choices towards, a more successful existence. It is a process – not a goal It implies choice, a way of life It suggests what you believe, feel and do have an influence on your health

4. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Components of Wellness (1) Spiritual—Belief in a source of value that transcends the boundaries of self, but also nurtures the self; provides meaning and direction Spiritual—Belief in a source of value that transcends the boundaries of self, but also nurtures the self; provides meaning and direction Social—The ability to interact Social—The ability to interact successfully with people and successfully with people and with one’s personal with one’s personal environment environment

5. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Components of Wellness (2) Physical—The ability to carry out daily tasks, develop cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, maintain adequate nutrition and a healthy body fat level, and avoid abusing drugs and alcohol Physical—The ability to carry out daily tasks, develop cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, maintain adequate nutrition and a healthy body fat level, and avoid abusing drugs and alcohol Emotional—The ability to control stress and to express emotions appropriately and comfortably Emotional—The ability to control stress and to express emotions appropriately and comfortably

6. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Components of Wellness (3) Intellectual—The ability to learn and use information effectively for personal, family, and career development Intellectual—The ability to learn and use information effectively for personal, family, and career development Intellectual wellness implies: Intellectual wellness implies: –Overcoming the health-behavior gap –Possessing an internal locus of control –Having a strong sense of self-efficacy

7. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Components of Wellness (4) Occupational—The ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure Occupational—The ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure Environmental—The ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community Environmental—The ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community

8. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. The Seven Components of Wellness

9. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. The Wellness Challenge Lifestyle diseases—The most serious health problem in today’s society Lifestyle diseases—The most serious health problem in today’s society –Chronic diseases include heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension –Accidents, homicides, and suicides are leading killers among 15- to 24-year-olds

10. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Despite bioterrorism and the global spread of new viruses: Despite bioterrorism and the global spread of new viruses: –The real threats to human life involve diet, physical activity, and personal health habits

11. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. The Wellness Challenge (2) Cigarette smoking Cigarette smoking –The risk factor most strongly associated with preventable death and chronic disease Diet and physical inactivity Diet and physical inactivity –Next highest risk factor for smokers –Highest risk factor for nonsmokers

12. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Achieving Lifestyle Change Health behavior is learned, and can be changed Health behavior is learned, and can be changed Forces that shape behavior Forces that shape behavior –Family, role models, and social norms –Advertising –Psychological needs –Reactance motivation

13. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. A Self-Help Plan for Change A self-help approach assumes that individuals can manage their lifestyle change and learn to control environmental factors that are detrimental to health A self-help approach assumes that individuals can manage their lifestyle change and learn to control environmental factors that are detrimental to health Any approach requires time and planning Any approach requires time and planning

14. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. The Transtheoretical Model (1) Precontemplation stage Precontemplation stage –No behavior change is planned –Person may be unaware of need for change or feels he or she can’t change Contemplation stage Contemplation stage –Aware of problem behaviors –Not willing to commit effort to change at this time

15. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. The Transtheoretical Model (2) Preparation stage—Planning to take action within the next month; seeing that the positives of change outweighing negatives  Assess current behavior  Set specific, realistic goals  Realize that change is permanent

16. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. The Transtheoretical Model (3) Action stage—Overt changes are made in behavior, experiences, or environment Action stage—Overt changes are made in behavior, experiences, or environment Rewards and incentives are important elements Rewards and incentives are important elements Strategies for change Strategies for change –Countering is one of most powerful strategies –Changing the environment (avoidance; the elimination of associated circumstances) –Contracting with oneself

17. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. The Transtheoretical Model (4) Maintenance stage—Goal is to retain the gains and prevent relapse Maintenance stage—Goal is to retain the gains and prevent relapse –Continuation of the action stage –Usually lasts 6 months Termination stage—The point at which problem behavior is no longer tempting Termination stage—The point at which problem behavior is no longer tempting

18. © McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.

19. Wellness and Fitness for Life Chapter 1