1. Anatomy & Physiology
Nervous System

2. Nervous System 2 main sections Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

3. Central Nervous System
Brain = mass of nerve tissue
Weigh about 3 lbs.
Reaches full about 6yrs. Old
3 – 5 min. supply of oxygen for nerve cells
Blood brain barrier = blood flowing is filtered; harmful chemicals cannot enter the brain

4. Spinal Cord Connected from medulla oblongata to lower back (lumbar)
Vertebrae surround & protect spinal cord
Responsible for carrying info to the brain & to body cells

5. Meninges 3 layer covering of the brain & spinal cord (protects)
Dura matter
Tough outer membrane
Arachnoid membrane
Web like middle layer
Pia mater
Inner layer; attached to brain
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) = clear, watery liquid surrounding brain & spinal cord (cushions)

6. Sections of the Brain Cerebrum Largest section Separated into lobes
Responsible for reasoning, thoughts, emotions, memory, speech, senses, movement

7. Cerebellum Located below the back of the cerebrum
Responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture, muscle tone

8. Diencephalon Hypothalamus Thalamus
Regulates temp. appetite, water balance, sleep, & blood vessels
Thalamus
Directs sensory impulses

9. Brainstem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
Responsible for conducting eye & auditory reflexes
Pons
Responsible for certain reflexes (chewing, saliva)
Assist with respirations
Medulla oblongata
Connects with spinal cord
Responsible for regulating heartbeat, respirations, swallowing, coughing, & blood pressure

10. Peripheral Nervous System
2 types of systems
Somatic
Autonomic
12 pairs of cranial nerves (along with spinal nerves)
Responsible for special senses

11. Autonomic Maintains a balance of involuntary functions
Sympathetic / Parasympathetic maintains balance (homeostasis)
Sympathetic – prepares the body for an emergency (increases heart rate, blood pressure)
Parasympathetic – after an emergency (slows the body actions)

12. Structures of the Brain
Corpus Callosum
Large bundle of nerve fibers
Connects L & R hemispheres
Cerebellum
Regulates balance, posture, movement, muscle coordination

13. Structures Spinal Cord Medulla Oblongata
Connects to the medulla oblongata
Medulla Oblongata
Top portion of the spinal cord
Controls automatic functions (heartbeat, breathing)

14. Structures Pons Pituitary gland Hypothalmus
Connects cerebrum with cerebellum
Pituitary gland
Attach to the base of brain; secretes hormones
Hypothalmus
Regulates temp., appetite, sleep, blood vessels