1. Laura Engler OL: 655 CAP Presentation GAP YEAR AND LEADERSHIP

2. WHY A GAP YEAR? Student growth Social change Leadership development Photo provided by: http://www.collegetransitioninitiative.com/category/gap-year/

3. ADVANTAGES

4. GOALS TEAMWORK CHALLENGE CHANGE GROWTH DEVELOP LEADERS Photo provided by: http://whitmanblogs.syr.edu/uncategorized/teamwork-makes-the-dream-work; http://www.carecloud.com/blog/meeting-challenge-icd-10/; http://grist.org/article/2010-11-23-behavior-change-causes-changes-in-beliefs-not-vice-versa/; http://www.cainellsworth.com/gps/blog/bid/105566/What-about-Growth; http://compumatrice.com/leaders-inspire/

5. COMMUNICATION Individual among hundreds to an individual alone Learning to tell a story Photos from: http://stopsellingvanillaicecream.com/to-be-understood-consider-others-communication-styles/

6. TEAMWORK Collaboration Photos from: http://www.topuniversities.com/blog/what-gap-year

7. VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS Africa Asia China South America United States Photos from: http://blogs.als.net/Global/post/ALS-postcards-from-around-the-globe.aspx

8. CULTURAL Layers Low-context vs. high-context Individualism vs. Communitarianism Photos from: Ebermann, J. (n.d.). Mindful leadership in a multicultural environment – Part II. Retrieved from http://jennyebermann.com/tag/culture-onion/

9. CULTURAL IMMERSION PROGRAMS Travel Cultural classes Learn a language Intern Teach English Photos from: http://thearticulateceo.typepad.com/my-blog/2011/08/cultural-differences-high-context-versus-low-context.html

10. CHANGE Photos from: http://www.socialbusinessnews.com/the-five-cs-of-change-management-choice-conviction-commitment-and-compassion/

11. STATUS QUO Different Challenging Photos from: Leadership: Challenging The Status Quo. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lollydaskal.com/leadership/leadership-challenging-the-status- quo/

12. ADVENTURE PROGRAMS Wildlife Sailing Outdoors Sports Photos from: http://www.adventurestateparks.com/

13. INNOVATION Photos from: http://blog.15five.com/increase-productivity-or-a-boost-in-innovation-which-would-you-choose/; http://bellringinginhouston.blogspot.com/

14. HIGHER EDUCATION Perspective Programs Deferment Photos from: http://www.chino.k12.ca.us/Page/7752

15. INDEPENDENCE Confidence Maturity Motivation Photos from: Real Freedom. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://emergingyouth.com/2014/07/23/real-freedom/

16. INTERNSHIP/WORK PROGRAMS Around the world Close to home Photos from: http://careers.queensu.ca/students/get-experience

17. GAP YEAR COST Type of ProgramLength of Program OptionsCost of programs (in US Dollars) Multi Country Volunteering 1 – 12 weeks$150 - $7,000 United States Volunteering Depends on the program and student expectations None cost money, a couple offer a $300 - $1800 monthly stipend, some offer an educational award Cultural Immersion 1 – 35 weeks $500 - $35,000 some are free of cost but students work to pay the room & board Adventure 2 – 16 weeks$1,500 - $9,000 Language Studies 1 – 4 weeks$200 - $2,800 Art, Music, Theater, & Media 1 – 16 weeks$200 - $15,000 Sailing & Tall Ships 2 – 52 weeksNo cost - $40,000 Environmental 1 – 16 weeksNo cost - $21,000 Outdoor & Wilderness 1 – 16 weeks$1,295 - $17,000 Sports 1 – 36 weeks$1,000 - $26,000 Miscellaneous (Archeological, Internship, Peace & Justice) 2 – 32 weeks$520 - $24,000

18. STUDENT EXPERIENCES Photos from: AmeriCorps. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmeriCorps; About Paris | Paris tourist information. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.millenniumhotels.com/destinations/paris.html; http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/india

20. PERSONAL CONNECTION I struggled I wanted to explore I spent time away from home I wish this was offered when I was deciding on my education My experience

21. EDUCATION AND PERSONAL GROWTH?

22. FUTURE RESEARCH Student choices

23. REFERENCES Bradie, T., Walker, D.M., & Walker, T. (1995). Success in Communicating across cultures. In doing business internationally: the guide to cross-cultural success. (p. 149-177). Coetzee, M., & Bester, S. (2009). Bridging the Gap: Who Takes a Gap Year and Why? National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER). Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED533077 Davis, G. (2004). Creativity is forever. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Chapter 5, pages 71-102 Dettmer, H. (n.d.). Chaning the Status Quo. Retrieved from http://goalsys.com/books/documents/ChangingtheStatusQuo- PAPER.pdf Gap year in India. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGNyCBwswY4 Glaser, J. (2005). Leading through collaboration: Guiding groups to productive solutions. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press. Heifetz, R. & Linsky, M. (2006). Get on the balcony: why leaders need to step back to get perspective. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press Jick, T. (1991). Implanting change. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Johnson, C. (2008) Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing. Chapter 3, pages 69-78 King, A. (2011). Minding the gap? Young people's accounts of taking a Gap Year as a form of identity work in higher education. Journal of Youth Studies, 14 (3), 341-357. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.xxproxy.smumn.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2a9bb207-42b4-4cd6-b154- f87980302e35@sessionmgr198&vid=12&hid=123

24. REFERENCES Martin, A. (2010). Should students have a gap year? Motivation and performance factors relevant to time out after completing school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102 (3), 561-576. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.xxproxy.smumn.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2a9bb207-42b4-4cd6-b154- f87980302e35@sessionmgr198&vid=2&hid=123 Nieman, M. (2013). South African students’ perceptions of the role of a gap year in preparing them for higher education. Africa Education Review, 10 (1), 132-147. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.xxproxy.smumn.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2a9bb207-42b4-4cd6- b154-f87980302e35@sessionmgr198&vid=18&hid=123 O'Shea, J. (2011). Delaying The Academy: A Gap Year Education. Teaching in Higher Education, 16 (5), 565-577. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.xxproxy.smumn.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2a9bb207-42b4-4cd6-b154- f87980302e35@sessionmgr198&vid=15&hid=123 O’Shae, J. (2014). Gap Year: how delaying college changes people in ways the world needs. Baltimore, ML: Johns Hopkins University Press. Petrie, N. (2011). Future trends in leadership development. Center for Creative Leadership. Rost. J. (1993). Leadership for the twenty-first century. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Pages 129-152 Schein, E.H. (2010). The three levels of culture. In organizational culture and leadership. (pp. 23-33). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass The advantages of taking a gap year. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1nl_GZ_z0shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1nl_GZ_z0s Trompenaars, A., & Turner, C. (2012). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business (Rev and updated 3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Webster, I. (2003). Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. Weeks, A. (2001). Three student perspectives on taking a year off. The Journal of College Admissions.