1. Nutritional requirements of fish

2. Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed!
HS‐LS2‐6.Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in eco systems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
HS‐LS4‐5. Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on determining cause and effect relationships for how changes to the environment such as deforestation, fishing, application of fertilizers, drought, flood, and the rate of change of the environment affect distribution or disappearance of traits in species.

3. Bell Work / Objectives Describe the role of protein in fish nutrition.
Describe the role of fats in fish nutrition.
Describe the role of carbohydrates in fish nutrition.
Describe the role of minerals in fish nutrition.
Describe the role of vitamins in fish nutrition.

4. Terms Amino acid Blood meal Carbohydrates Carnivore
Fat-soluble vitamins
Fats
Fish meal
Herbivore
Minerals
Omnivore
Protein
Soybean meal
Trace elements
Vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins

5. What is the role of protein in fish nutrition?
First major component required for proper nutrition of fish is protein.
Protein
Formed from compounds known as amino acids.

6. What is the role of protein in fish nutrition?
Amino acids
Building blocks of protein.
Needed by animals for proper nutrition.
10 amino acids are essential.
Broken down during digestion.
Used to produce new tissue or reproduce damaged tissue.

8. Protein Most critical component of fish feed.
Prepared fish feed will contain between 25 and 40 percent protein.

9. Sources of protein Fish meal Animal waste products Soybean meal
High protein feed derived from fish.
Animal waste products
Blood meal
High protein feed derived from blood collected during the slaughter process.
Meat scraps
Soybean meal
High protein feed produced from soybeans.

10. Protein requirements Carnivore fish Fish that eat meat.
Require 50% of its protein from animal sources.
Herbivore fish
Fish that eat plants.
Need only about 30% of the protein in their feed from animal sources.
Omnivores
Fish that eat both plants and animals.

11. What is the role of fats in fish nutrition?
A required component of fish feeds.
Composed of fatty acids.
Used for proper health and growth.
Amount of fat in a feed usually between 4 and 15 percent.

12. Fat requirements
Type of fat needed in fish feed depends on temperature of water.
To be digested, fat must be able to melt.
To melt, must have melting point below water temperature.
Cold water fish (trout)
Fed unsaturated fat derived from plants (vegetable oil).
Warm water fish (tilapia)
Fed saturated fat derived from animal products.

13. What is the role of carbohydrates in fish nutrition?
A required component of fish feed.
Source of energy for fish.
Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen.
Plants including sugars, starches, and cellulose are sources.

14. Carbohydrate requirements
Fish herbivores (carp)
Better capable of digesting carbohydrates.
An enzyme (amylase) in their digestive system.
Fish carnivores (catfish)
Can’t digest carbohydrates as well.
Only need 10% carbohydrates in ration.

15. What is the role of minerals in fish feed?
Inorganic materials needed for health and growth.
Most only needed in small amounts.
Large amounts of minerals may be fatal to fish.
Often called trace elements
Needed in very small quantities.

16. Required Minerals Calcium Iron Silicon Manganese Magnesium Boron
Cobalt
Copper
Iodine
Molybdenum
Selenium
Sodium

17. Minerals Testing the water can show mineral deficiencies.
Can be given to fish two ways
Add directly to the water.
If water is flowing or moving may be a waste
Added to a commercially prepared feed.

18. What is the role of vitamins in fish nutrition?
Organic compounds needed in small amounts for proper growth and maintenance of body functions.
Specific vitamins are needed for different body functions.
Deficiencies can cause poor growth, anemia, skin lesions, clubbed gills and other problems.

19. Types of Vitamins Water-soluble Fat-soluble
Taken in, used, and then excreted.
Include Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Folic Acid.
Fat-soluble
Taken in to the body and stored.
If excess amounts consumed can be unhealthy.
Include vitamin E, A, and D.

21. Review / Summary What is the role of protein in fish nutrition?
What is the role of fats in fish nutrition?
What is the role of carbohydrates in fish nutrition?
What is the role of minerals in fish nutrition?
What is the role of vitamins in fish nutrition?

22. The End!