1. Chemistry Transition Metal Iron Group Member 5E Chan Ming Hung 26 Lam Man Chung 29 Lau Yuk To 32 Wong Ka Chun 42

2. Content Background Information Properties Extraction Raw material for Painting Industrial use Biological use

3. Background Information Name: Iron Symbol: Fe (from Latin: Ferrum) Atomic number: 26 Element category: transition metal Relative atomic mass: 55.845 Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 14, 2

4. Background Information Oxidation states: +2 to + 6 (+2 and +3 are the most common) Density (near r.t.): 7.874 g·cm −3 Melting point: 1811K, 1538°C, 2800°F Boiling point: 3134K, 2862°C, 5182°F Heat of fusion: 13.81 kJ·mol −1 Heat of vaporization: 340 kJ·mol −1

5. Properties Silver-white or gray metal Malleable and ductile Non-toxic Good conductor of heat, like most metals Good conductor of electricity, like most metals Dissolves readily in dilute acids Reactive to oxygen and water to form oxide Easily magnetized Hard, brittle, fairly fusible

6. Extraction Extracted from its ore, haematite Fed into the top of the furnace along with coke and limestone Main reducing agent is carbon monoxide hematite+carbon monoxide → Iron+carbon dioxide Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO → 2Fe+ 3CO 2

7. Inside of Blast Furnace

8. Industrial Use Ferroalloy* Pig iron**(approximately 1.7–4.5% carbon content): Generally brittle The cost relatively lower No ductility and malleability but hard Usually used in making lathe bed of machine tools and the cylinder of steam engine and internal combustion engine. Wrought iron(approximately below 0.1% carbon content): High purity(high iron content) Ductile 、 malleable 、 tough 、 easily welded A raw material for manufacturing of steel *Alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other element and mostly Carbon **the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel

9. Industrial Use-Carbon Steel* Extensively used in manufacturing different kinds of machine components (e.g. gear wheel, screw nut, rail steel bar, etc.) Low carbon steel(approximately 0.1–2.5% carbon content): Property similar to Wrought iron A raw material for manufacturing steel wire 、 rivet 、 galvanized iron sheet and tinplate Medium carbon steel(approximately 0.25–0.6% carbon content): Ductility 、 malleability and hardness between low carbon steel and high carbon steel A raw material for construction High-carbon steel(approximately 0.6–1.35% carbon content): High weld ability The higher proportion of the Carbon in Carbon steel is, the harder and less ductile and malleable it is. *Steel where the main interstitial alloying constituent is carbon

10. Raw material for Painting Iron(III) oxide:  Venetian red or Brown pigment Iron(II) sulphate  Indigo dye Prussian blue(Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3):  Deep Blue pigment

11. Biological use Bodies need  Help oxygen get to our muscles  Will not take up more than needs  Needs very little Most available to the body when added to amino acids  iron in this form is 10 to 15 times more digestible than it is as an element Iron is also found in meat (e.g. steak) Iron provided by diet supplements is in the form of a chemical (e.g. sulphate) Cheap and Absorbed well Recycled by a system which breaks down old cells in red blood cells

12. Biological use Present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions (e.g. as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin) Too little iron can interfere with vital functions and lead to morbidity and death. The direct consequence of iron deficiency is iron deficiency anemia. Total body iron averages approximately 3.8 g in men and 2.3 g in women. Several mechanisms control human iron metabolism and safeguard against iron deficiency (e.g. When loss of iron is not sufficiently compensated by adequate intake of iron from the diet, a state of iron deficiency develops over time. When this state is uncorrected, it leads to iron deficiency anemia.)

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