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Published byRoland Craig Modified over 9 years ago
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Genealogy and DNA
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Genetic Genealogy Began around 2003 Growing availability of testing Growing affordability of testing Genographic Project Anthropological 2005 to 2010 Sponsored by IBM, National Geographic, Waitt Foundation Relies on DNA testing
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DNA DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid Each cell in individual contains same DNA Organized into chromosomes Humans have 23 pairs Contains genetic instructions Genes Over time DNA mutates
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DNA Testing Applications Forensic Paternity Medical Genealogical Anthropological
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Cell Components
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Chromosomes
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DNA Types Recombining (autosomal) 22 chromosome pairs Non-recombining Sex determining chromosome (X Y) Y is only passed from father to son Mitrochrondial DNA Passed from mother to offspring Both male and female
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Both Types
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Recombining
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Non-recombining
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Types of Genealogical Tests Paternal test Uses yDNA Only passes from father to son as does surname But other males with same surname should be the same Uncle, brother, male cousins, etc Maternal test Uses mtDNA Passes mother to children Both sons and daughters
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Test Types (con’t) Autosomal Uses parts of 22 chromosomes Can give racial makeup % of European, African, Asian (Amerindian) CODIS – FBI db – not used in genealogic Can tell degree of relatedness between two persons for recent generations Family Tree DNA, 23andMe, deCODEme
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DNA Testing Services FamilyTreeDNA is largest www.familytreedna.com Test consists of cheek swab Actual DNA testing is several weeks Results Generic haplogroup Specific test results Comparison to others results (ongoing) Contact information of matches
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DNA Tests yDNA (paternal) 12, 37, 67, 111 marker tests $99 - $339 mtDNA (maternal) HVR1, HVR2, Full Genome Sequence (FGS) tests $99 – $299 Family Finder (autosomal) - $289 Several other tests
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How to Use Results Haplogroup – genetic population Remainder is meaningless without others Collaborate Make email available Show EKA (Earliest Known Ancestor) Share ancestors (GEDCOM) Join surname project (yDNA only) Enter data in ysearch.org and mitosearch.orgysearch.orgmitosearch.org Actively try to pull lines together Help achieve critical mass
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The Genographic Project Anthropological DNA study Study migration of groups Based on DNA of isolated groups Over past 60,000 years Created haplogroups for both yDNA mtDNA
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