1. Chapter 6: Semantics… … the Study of Meaning NOTES: About exercising: it keeps you healthy: physically & mentally… I’ve tried to match the slides to the order of the textbook this time…

2. Extra Credit Possibility (Worth up to 2 quiz points)

3. What is “Truth”? - Pilate- c 33AD Travel means “to go from one place to another, as by car, train, plane, or ship. You are too young to travel. You are not old enough to travel. Dave spent 4 years in Tokyo, Japan. Dave was once in Tokyo, Japan.

4. Truth & Contradiction Paraphrase: Two sentences: the same truth conditions Entailment JFK was assassinated  __________ Contradiction *The king is a woman Anomaly Colorless green ideas sleep furiously So What?? How do people use these? (or misuse them?)

5. 2 Important Concepts (via vocabulary…) Ambiguity Principle of Compositionality The meaning of a sentence comes (mostly) from its constituents and the way they are positioned.

6. What I meant to say was… What makes this funny? Or if you don’t think it’s funny, what linguistic quality was the author employing in his unsuccessful attempt at humor?

7. Ambiguity The man saw the fish with binoculars. Other Examples?

8. You Try it Create an ambiguous sentence… How does the ambiguity in your sentence relate to compositionality, truth, and entailment?

9. Think About It… What are some benefits & dangers of ambiguity in our communication?

10. Any Questions… … before we move on?

11. Cup/Mug (or shades of blue) What’s the point? Apply the point to something that matters in your life… Reading Writing Teaching 2 nd language study…

12. Systematicness of Language Phonology Syntax Lexis Predictable Unpredictable

13. Word Relationships (Lexis) Hyponymy Color – Red, blue, green, etc. Converseness Reciprocal relationship Polysemy & Homonymy Plain Bat So What?? How do people use these? (or misuse them?)

14. Fuzzy Concepts (Lexical Semantics) Nose Hana (Japanese) Nos (Russian) Ice Rain Water H2OH2O

15. Think About It… How can knowing about word relationships help us study another language or communicate with a non-native speaker of English?

16. Any Questions… … before we move on?

17. Pragmatics… Band practice… My house 6 to 8 Band practice… My house 6 to 8 Band practice… My house 6 to 8 Band practice… My house 6 to 8 Thanks for the reminder Thanks for the warning What makes this funny? Or if you don’t think it’s funny, what linguistic quality was the author employing in his unsuccessful attempt at humor?

18. Types of Meaning Linguistic Reference GWB is the 43 rd president Beware Referential Meaning Al Gore nearly became the 43 rd president ≠ Al Gore nearly became GWB! Social Y’all come back now. Y’hear? Affective How many times have I asked you to…

19. Linguistic, Social or Affective? Tina, who has two doctorates, gave me a fascinating overview of Warhol’s art last night. Adjust the sentence below to reflect different L, S, & A meanings

20. Pragmatics What’s the message? “Honey, do we have any fruit…?” Me sitting making these slides… Me on the cell phone from the grocery store… “I’m getting cold…” My wife in the car while we’re driving… Me deciding on pie at a Midwestern diner… Other Examples?

21. Why “Fine”? …why ask? What makes this funny? Or if you don’t think it’s funny, what linguistic quality was the author employing in his unsuccessful attempt at humor? Why not give a ‘real answer’?

22. Any Questions… … before we move on?

23. Meaning Categories Find Examples of Each… (see pp 200 – 206) Tense Modality Deixis So What?? How do people use these? (or misuse them?)

24. Semantic Roles Verb-Centered Agent  one doing the action Patient  one receiving the action Identify A, & P below (two in each…) Humpty-Dumpty sat on a wall. Bo Peep pushed Humpty off the wall Miss Muffet heard Humpty shatter

25. Thematic Roles? Find Two: Based on the caption…  Agent  Theme Rule Governed?? What controls who can do what to whom? Make a sentence that violates thematic constraints…

26. Themes in other lanaguages Apache *My horse kicked me I allowed myself to be kicked by my horse German In diesem hotel sind hunde verboten In this hotel are dogs forbidden (gloss) * This hotel forbids dogs What might one thematic constraint be in Apache?What might one thematic constraint be in German?

27. Think About It… How do thematic roles apply to how we create sentences?

28. Any Questions…. … before we move on?

29. Maxims of Conversation Grice, 1975 Four “rules” of conversation that are typically followed in everyday life

30. Maxim of Conversation #1 Relevance Be relevant How does the comic violate the maxim for humorous effect?

31. Maxim of Conversation #2 Quantity Be as informative as required… How does the comic violate the maxim for humorous effect?

32. Maxim of Conversation #3 Quality Truthful, Supportable claims How does the comic violate the maxim for humorous effect?

33. Maxim of Conversation #4 Manner Brief, orderly Not ambiguous nor obscure How does the comic violate the maxim for humorous effect?

34. Life-Application What are some situations you’ve experienced (in real-life or literature) where someone has violated a Maxim of Conversation? What happened? (was it intentional?) How was the situation resolved?

35. Recommended Exercises 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15 Enough of each to get the point