1. Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions

2. Atoms I. Parts Nucleus: Protons_____________________ Neutrons_____________________ Orbiting Nucleus: Electrons_____________________ positive (+) charge neutral (0) charge negative (-) charge

3. II. Valence Electrons Electrons on the outer _______ or ________ level shell energy

4. III. Energy Levels or Electron Shells 1st Energy Level holds ____ electrons 2nd Energy Level holds ____ electrons 3rd Energy Level holds ____ electrons 2 8 18

5. IV.Most elements are unstable If the outer shell is not full then electrons can be shared, lost or gained Metals tend to _____________ electrons Nonmetals tend to ______________ OR __________________ electrons lose gain share

6. V.Practice Element # Protons # Electrons # Valence Electrons Electrons: Share, Lose, Gain or Stable Atom Hydrogen Helium Fluorine Neon Carbon 111 Share, Lose, or Gain 222 Stable Atom 997 Gain 10 8 Stable Atom 664 Share

7. Isotopes I.What makes an element different? Elements can have different numbers of _______ Rule reminder: Mass # – #________________ = # neutrons ElementIsotope# Protons# ElectronsMass ## Neutrons Carbon C-12 C-14 protons 66126 66148

8. II. Isotope Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of _________________ The atomic mass is the weighted average mass of the mixture of _________________ of an element neutrons isotopes

9. III.Practice ElementIsotope# Protons# ElectronsMass ## Neutrons Hydrogen 1 H Protium 2 H Deuterium 3 H Tritium 1110 1121 1132

10. Practice ElementIsotope# Protons# ElectronsMass ## Neutrons Boron 10 B 11 B 55105 55116

11. # Neutrons? 678

12. Ions I. Charges of Elements on the Periodic Table Atoms on the periodic table are ______________________ Therefore the positive charges equal the _________________________ charges # _________ = # __________ neutral negative protonselectrons

13. II.Charges of Elements in Nature Most atoms are ___________________ therefore they will share, lose or gain electrons An atom that loses electrons will have more __________________ charges An atom that gains electrons will have more __________________ charges unstable positive negative

14. III.What is an Ion? An ion is a ______________ atom An atom can ______ or ______ electrons Cation: + ion Anion: - ion charged gainlose

15. IV.Practice 11 17 12 Metal 2 lost 10 Mg +2 88Nonmetal 2 gained 10 O -2 33Metal 1 lost 2 Li + 77Nonmetal 1 gained 8 F-F-

16. When there is a change in ___ it forms a(n) ___ # of protons ________________________ # of neutrons _______________________ # of electrons _______________________ different element isotope ion