1. Chapter 18 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II
The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/19/2017
Chapter 18 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Section 2: The Home Front
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Section 4: Victory in Asia
CHAPTER 18--AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II

2. Objectives: Section 1: Early Difficulties
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied Powers and Axis Powers in 1941?
What steps did the United States take to prepare for war?
Where did the Japanese military attack after Pearl Harbor?
What were the early turning points of the war in the Pacific?
What were the major battles in Europe and North Africa in 1942?

3. Allied Powers Section 1: Early Difficulties
Production capacity of U.S. and manpower of Soviet Union were advantages.
Disadvantages included the enormous amount of land in enemy hands, the multi-front aspect of the war, and the long fight that had to be faced.

4. Axis Powers Section 1: Early Difficulties
Axis was better prepared economically and had been rearmed since the 1930s.
Axis had firm control over invaded areas and already had airfields, barracks, and military training centers.
Axis powers’ main difficulty was defending multiple fronts.

5. U.S. preparations for war
Section 1: Early Difficulties
U.S. preparations for war
increased production
expanded the government
began to direct the economy
began to raise the army

6. Increased Production
Arsenal – is a factory that makes ammunitions for the military.
U.S. arsenal employment went from 22,000 to 486,000 in three years!

7. Increased Production
From 1940 to 1945 American manufacturing made large quantities of jeeps tanks plains, and guns.

8. Increased Production
88,000 landing craft, 215 submarines, 147 aircraft carriers, 952 other warships, and 5,200 merchant ships.

9. Government expansion War Production Board WPB
Conversion of factories to make war goods
Started in January 1942 by Roosevelt
Office of War Mobilization OWM
May of 1943
Controlled by James F. Byrnes

10. Directing the Economy Office of Price Administration OPA
Kept inflation low
Rationing of key materials
Selling war bonds

11. Raising and Army Selective Training Selective Service
Was a necessary law required to allow the government to train troops in peace time.
Selective Service
AKA the draft
21 – 35 had to register
Then later 18 – 45

12. Raising and Army
Women's Auxiliary Army Corps WAAC

13. Raising and Army
Women's air force Service WASP

14. Japanese attacks after Pearl Harbor
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Japanese attacks after Pearl Harbor
Clark Airforce Base in the Philippines
Burma
Borneo
the Netherlands East Indies
Wake Island
Hong Kong

15. Douglas MacArthur In control of the force in the Philippines.
Graduate from West Point
As the war ramped up MacArthur was placed in charge of the entire war in the Pacific.

16. Bataan Death March
Douglas MacArthur was ordered to remove himself from the Phillipines.
As he left he declared that he would be back.
10,000 POWs died.
There was a total of 70,000 POW’sa

17. Clarke air force Base Attack on December 8, 1941.
First attack on the Philippines
For the next two week there was an on slot of Japanese attacks on islands in South East Asia

18. Early turning points of war in Pacific
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Early turning points of war in Pacific
Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of Midway
Guadalcanal

19. Chester Nimitz
Leader of the U.S. Pacific Fleet
Aggressive leader.

20. Battle of the Coral Sea
May 7, 1942
Allied Victory

21. Battle of the Midway June 1942 Two prong attack
One prong attacked Alaska
The main prong attacked a U.S. Military base in the Pacific

22. Battle of the Guadalcanal
August 1942
First major offensive battle
Troops landed
Ferocious fighting

23. Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North Africa
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North Africa
Battle of El Alamein
Battle of Stalingrad

24. Battle for North Africa
Many battles were fought in North Africa
El Alamein Egypt was one of the most critical battles for both sides

25. Erwin Rommel
Commander of German Afrika Korps
Nicknamed Desert Fox

26. Bernard Montgomery British Leader
Key leader for stopping the Desert Fox

27. Stalingrad Critical battle in the Eastern European Front
Between this battle and the battle of El Alamein this help turn the tide in the war

28. Objectives: Section 2: The Home Front
How did the U.S. government try to keep wartime morale high?
What was life like in the United States during World War II?
How did women contribute to the war effort?
What actions did the government take to protect the rights of minority groups?
How were Japanese Americans affected by the war?

29. Keeping wartime morale high
Section 2: The Home Front
Keeping wartime morale high
Office of War Information
radio programs
movies

30. Life in the U.S. during WWII
Section 2: The Home Front
Life in the U.S. during WWII
long work hours and many sacrifices
restrictions
blackouts
air-raid drills
victory gardens

31. Contributions of women
Section 2: The Home Front
Contributions of women
entered job market to replace soldiers
worked in plants
produced war products

32. Government actions to protect minority rights
Section 2: The Home Front
Government actions to protect minority rights
Fair Employment Practices Committee
attempts to end discrimination in businesses with federal contracts

33. Effects on Japanese Americans
Section 2: The Home Front
Effects on Japanese Americans
Many were relocated and interned.
Interned people lost their property.
Hawaiian islands put under martial law because Japanese population was too large to relocate.
Some Japanese received limited military service opportunities.

34. Objectives: Section 3: Victory in Europe
Where did the Allied offensive in Europe begin?
How did fighting in the Atlantic and in the air influence the land war in Europe?
How did the Allies successfully carry out the Normandy invasion?
What was the Holocaust?
How did the Allies finally defeat Germany?

35. Allied offensive in Europe
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Allied offensive in Europe
The Allied offensive in Europe began in Sicily and Italy.

36. Effects of fighting in the Atlantic and in the air on the land war
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Effects of fighting in the Atlantic and in the air on the land war
Sea dominance allowed the Allies to protect cargo ships and bomb Axis vessels.
Strategic bombing from the air helped destroy German military factories and centers.

37. The Normandy Invasion Section 3: Victory in Europe
invasion of German-occupied France
disinformation campaign to distract Germans
dummy invasion used as a decoy
initial storming of beach caused high casualties
ultimately successful

38. The Holocaust Section 3: Victory in Europe
The Holocaust was Nazi Germany’s slaughter of European Jews. The Germans took advantage of long-standing anti-Semitism and Allied inaction to do it.

39. Final defeat of Germany
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Final defeat of Germany
September, 1944: Battle of the Bulge
February, 1945: Yalta Conference
early 1945: Allies bomb Germany
March, 1945: Allies invade Germany
April, 1945: Hitler commits suicide
May, 1945: Germany surrenders

40. Objectives: Section 4: Victory in Asia
How did the United States carry out its island-hopping plan?
How did the battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa affect the war?
What led the United States to use atomic weapons against Japan?
What were the human and economic costs of World War II?

41. Island-hopping Section 4: Victory in Asia
conquered strategically important islands
cut off other islands
some islands chosen as launching pads for invasion of Japan

42. Iwo Jima and Okinawa Section 4: Victory in Asia
These two battles were incredibly difficult and bloody, and though the U.S. won, the fighting demonstrated that the Japanese would not surrender.

43. Reasons for use of the atomic bomb
Section 4: Victory in Asia
Reasons for use of the atomic bomb
enormous cost of an invasion
continued Japanese resistance
desire to demonstrate U.S. power to the Soviet Union

44. Costs of World War II Section 4: Victory in Asia
killed millions of people and wounded many more
resulted in the Holocaust
destroyed economies of many nations
ruined countless cities
destroyed national infrastructures