1. INTRODUCTION I. Cell Biology A. Definition

2. a. Zacharias Janssen, 1595 first light microscope c. Robert Hooke, 1665 coined “Cellulae” d. Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1672 “Homunculus” and “Animalcules” b. Galileo Galilei, 1609 focusing device 1. Microscope Development e. Charles Spencer, 1850’s first compound scope f. Max Knot & Ernst Ruska, 1933 first electron microscope B. History of Cell Biology

3. a. Robert Dutrochet, 1824 plants made of cells c. Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden, 1839 Cell Theory i. The cell is the basic unit in living organisms. b. Robert Brown, 1824 The nucleus & Brownian motion ii. The cell is the building block of organisms. 2. Basics of Cell Theory d. J. Purkinji, 1840’s coined the term protoplasm e. Rudolph Virchow, 1859 “Spontaneous Generation” iii. Cells arise from preexisting cells.

4. a. Karl van Nageli, 1846 plant cells derived from direct division of maternal cells d. Frank Meischer, 1871 proposed nuclein material of nucleic acids b. E. Strausburger & Walter Fleming, 1840’s directions for growth and division of cells contained in the nucleus c. Gregor Mendel, 1860’s proposed a hereditary molecule was responsible for expression of traits in an organism 3. Cellular Control

5. d. Robert Altmann, 1889 purified nucleic acids into purine (A & C) and pyrimidine (T & G) bases DNA in all cells, while RNA variable e. James Watson & Francis Crick, 1953 summarized research and built model of DNA

6. Figure 1.3 A. Highly Organized Biosphere  Molecules II. Characteristics of Life

7. Bioenergetics B. Transform Energy Figure 1.9

8. Variation in Nature C. Reproduce

9. Stages and Accomplishments D. Grow & Develop

10. Daily Adjustments vs. Population Changes E. Irritable & Adaptable

11. Balanced against Change F. Practice Homeostasis

12. Negative vs. Positive Mechanisms

13. Surface Area vs. Volume Dilemma Figure 6.2 A. Size Limits Figure 6.7 III. Types of Cells

14. B. Prokaryotes 1. Size Limits 2. Characteristics Figure 6.5 Figure 1.4

15. 1. Size Limits 2. Characteristics Figure 6.8 Figure 6.8 C. Eukaryotes Figure 6.2

16. The parts == a. protein (capsid, landing gear, and injector) surrounding a b. nucleic acid core (genome = can be DNA or RNA) Figure 19.3 1. Characteristics D. Viruses

17. 2. “Life” Strategies a. Lytic versus Figure 19.5 b. Lysogenic Figure 19.6 E. Viroids & Prions 1. What?

18. A. Forces B. Mechanisms IV. Cellular Differentiation

19. A. Definitions 1. Trophic Levels 2. Taxa B. Schemes D, K, P, C, O, F, G, & S Figure 1.12 V. Organism Classification