1. 8th Grade Heath
Chapter 12
Alcohol

2. Alcohol
Alcohol
Drug that is made from a chemical reaction in fruits, vegetables and grains
There are many types of alcohol
The “beverage” is ethanol and is produced from fermentation
Is a drug
Causes changes in behaviors
Affects the brain and nervous system
Is a depressant
Slows body function and reactions
Causes mood changes
Causes thing to not be clear and have issues making good decisions

3. What Is Alcohol? Alcohol is a drug.
Drugs affect the brain and central nervous system.
Drugs cause changes in behavior.

4. What does Alcohol do to the body?
Alcohol causes mood changes.
Alcohol affects the ability to make good decisions.
Alcohol causes many people to do and say things they regret.

5. Risks of Alcohol Use to Teens
Alcohol Use and Teens
Alcohol increases the risk of depression, suicide, and thoughts of violence.
Alcohol interferes with long- and short-term growth.
Alcohol harms the brain’s ability to learn, causing teens to fall behind in school.
Risks of Alcohol Use to Teens
Teens who drink risk getting into trouble with the law.
It is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to use alcohol. If you are caught buying alcohol, you could be arrested, fined, or sent to a youth detention center.
One third of all teen traffic deaths are related to alcohol.
Alcohol increases the risk of social problems.

6. Why Some Teens Drink Alcohol
What Teens Say
What Teens Should Know
“Drinking will help me forget about my problems.”
The problems will still be there when the effects of alcohol wear off.
“I’ll look more grown-up with a drink in my hand.”
You won’t look mature getting in trouble for illegal underage drinking.
“Movies make drinking look cool.”
Filmmakers want you to spend money to see their movies.

7. Why Some Teens Drink Alcohol Cont.
What Teens Say
What Teens Should Know
“My friends keep pressuring me to try alcohol.”
Real friends won’t pressure you do to something that you don’t want to do.
“I’m stressed out about school. A drink will help me relax.”
Alcohol interferes with sleep and performance in school and other activities, creating more stress.

8. Just say no When it comes to drinking, JUST SAY NO!!
Recent reports from the Center for Disease control shows that most teens are not drinking.

9. Reasons Not to Drink Alcohol
You are taking health risks when you drink alcohol.
Using alcohol is against the law for teens.
You want to make decisions that help you become a strong person.
If you don’t use alcohol, you will be better able to handle the challenges of everyday life.
Choosing not to drink alcohol shows that you understand how risky drinking can be.
The Centers for Disease Control Prevention’s most recent report reveals that the majority of teens do not drink. This shows that most teens realize that alcohol has negative effects on their health.

10. Alcohol is one of the biggest factors in teen traffic deaths.
When Teens Drink
Alcohol is one of the biggest factors in teen traffic deaths.

11. Alternatives to Drinking Alcohol
Other ways of thinking and acting
Alternatives to drinking alcohol include:
Sports
Challenging your body
Being part of a team
Learning a new skill
Discovering a new talent
Pursuing interests in theater or the arts

12. Alternatives to Drinking Alcohol
Becoming an advocate gives you a chance to make a difference in the lives of others.
Examples of Advocacy Groups
Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD)
Teens Against Tobacco Use (T.A.T.U.)
Youth for Environmental Sanity

13. Assignment 1
How can positive alternatives help a teen avoid using alcohol?
You are at an amusement park with several friends. When it is time to leave, a friend’s brother offers to give you a ride. You believe you smell alcohol on his breath. What should you do and why?

14. Alcohol and The Body Terms Intoxication Blood alcohol content (BAC)
A person’s mental and physical abilities have been impaired by alcohol
Blood alcohol content (BAC)
A measure of the amount of alcohol present in a person’s blood
Alcohol poisoning
A dangerous condition that results when a person drinks excessive amounts of alcohol over a short time period
Reaction time
The ability of the body to respond quickly and appropriately to situations

15. Alcohol and the Body Short Term Effects
If there is no food in the stomach, alcohol can reach the brain in under a minute and slow reaction time.
Drinking and driving is deadly because of what alcohol does to a person’s reaction time.
The liver can only process about half an ounce of alcohol per hour.
Anything more stays in the blood causing intoxication.
Alcohol is a very fast-acting drug. It begins to affect the body the moment it enters the mouth.

16. Intoxication
A blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.02% is enough to make most people feel light-headed.
A BAC of 0.08% is enough to make it dangerous for a person to drive a car.
People who are heavily intoxicated are at risk of alcohol poisoning.
Alcohol poisoning can kill you
BAC is expressed as a percentage of the total amount of blood in the body.
If a person has a BAC of 0.08%, he or she is considered legally drunk.

17. Alcohol Use and Violence
Two-thirds of all domestic violence cases are related to alcohol abuse.
Violence increases at sporting events where alcohol is served.
What happened when teens are drinking?
Those who drink are more likely to fight or behave violently. This is because alcohol makes many people aggressive.

18. How Alcohol Affects the Individual
Gender and body size
Females and smaller people are affected more quickly than males and larger people.
Other drugs
Alcohol mixed with other drugs or medicines can be deadly. Each drug can make the effects of the others stronger.
One of the dangers of alcohol is that there is no way to tell how a person will act when alcohol is in his or her system.
Food
Food in the stomach slows down alcohol absorption.

19. How Alcohol Affects the Individual
General health
Someone who is over tired or sick will be affected by alcohol more quickly.
How fast your drink
The faster a person drinks, the more he or she will be affected by alcohol.
How much you drink
Drinking a lot or very quickly overworks the liver and causes intoxication.

20. How Alcohol Affects the Individual
Alcoholic drinks are only partly alcohol. The rest is water, flavoring, and minerals. Each of the drinks shown contains the same amount of alcohol—0.6 oz. of pure alcohol.

21. Alcohol and Nutrition Alcohol comes from the breakdown of sugar.
These calories have no nutritional value.
Alcohol has calories because of the sugar.
Alcohol can cause unwanted weight gain, especially when combined with other high-calorie beverages like soda and fruit juice.
Long-term use of alcohol can lead to malnutrition
Malnutrition
A condition in which the body doesn’t get the nutrients it needs to grow and function properly

22. Assignment 2
Review alcohol’s journey through the body in Figure Explain why people who have been drinking might smell like alcohol, other than their breath.
Allie is at a party at a friend’s house. She has had trouble sleeping lately because of worries over a big exam. Someone at the party suggests everyone have a beer. What are at least two good reasons Allie should say no?

23. Long-term Physical Effects of Alcohol Use
Damage to organs like the stomach, liver, pancreas, and heart
Worsening of existing health problems
Long-lasting learning and memory problems
Because alcohol is a depressant, it affects a person’s emotional health. The more a person drinks, the more problems he or she is likely to have at home, work, with friends, and even strangers. Many people have mood swings when they drink. Those who are depressed often feel worse with alcohol in their bodies.
Damage to a person’s emotional health
Physical and emotional addiction

24. Alcohol and the Body Systems
Alcohol and the Mouth
Studies show that people who drink large amounts of alcohol are six times more likely to develop mouth or throat cancer.
Alcohol and the Stomach
Alcohol irritates the stomach lining and increase the amount of acid there, which can lead to ulcerations.
Alcohol also weakens the valve that separates the stomach from the esophagus, causing heartburn.
Alcohol is absorbed by tissues lining the mouth and stomach, and goes directly into the blood.

25. Alcohol and the Body Systems Cont.
Alcohol and the Liver
Fatty liver can develop when alcohol is frequently in the blood
The increased amount of fat prevents the liver from working normally and from repairing itself
Fatty liver
A condition in which fats build up in the liver and cannot be broken down
Cirrhosis is a life-threatening problem associated with heavy alcohol use.
Cirrhosis
A disease characterized by scarring and eventual destruction of the liver
Brain damage can result when the damaged liver cannot remove poisons from the blood.

26. Alcohol and the Liver
Normal liver
Liver damaged by alcohol

27. Alcohol and the Body Systems Cont.
Alcohol and the Brain
Alcohol disrupts the parts of the brain responsible for memory and problem solving.
Alcohol use can cause shrinkage of the brain.
Alcohol can block messages that are sent to the brain, causing problems with movement, vision, and hearing.

28. Alcohol and the Body Systems Cont.
Alcohol and the Heart
Alcohol damages heart muscle, causing the heart to become enlarged.
Alcohol leads to high blood pressure.
Alcohol increases the amount of fat cells in the blood, putting a strain on blood vessels.
All these conditions put a drinker at risk of heart failure or stroke.

29. Driving While Intoxicated
In 2004, over 19,000 people were killed in alcohol-related car crashes, accounting for 39 percent of all traffic deaths.
A devastating long-term consequence of driving while intoxicated is causing your own death or the death of another. !
A person with a BAC of 0.08% is considered legally intoxicated. If the person is also driving a car, he or she is said to be driving while intoxicated, or DWI.
People at risk of injury or death from intoxicated drivers include the driver, passengers, pedestrians, and all other drivers.

30. Driving While Intoxicated
Likelihood of Fatal Crash
BAC
11.1 48
380
Times
People who are DWI are eleven times more likely to die in a crash than sober drivers.
This figure shows the numerical link between the amount of alcohol in a driver’s blood and the likelihood of a deadly accident occurring.

31. Binge Drinking Binge drinking
The consumption of a large quantity of alcohol in a very short period of time
Since teens frequently combine high-risk activities with binge drinking, their potential for death or serious injury is very high.
Although binge drinking is dangerous at any age, it is especially dangerous for teens.

32. Risks of Binge Drinking
Pregnancy or contraction of sexually transmitted diseases due to unprotected sex
Death due to falls, drowning, or drunk driving
Being a victim of violent behavior
Death from alcohol poisoning

33. Alcohol Use and Teen Pregnancy
Using alcohol can lower inhibition.
Inhibition
A conscious or unconscious restraint of a person’s own behaviors or actions
One study of female teens with unplanned pregnancies found that one-third had be been using alcohol.
Unplanned pregnancy disrupts long-term plans and goals, such as going to college.
Most teens are not prepared emotionally or financially to be parents.
Many inhibitions are normal and healthy behaviors because they prevent people from taking dangerous risks.
When using alcohol, people are mush more likely to say and do things they normally would not.
Misunderstandings and hurt feelings are a common result of lowered inhibitions.

34. Assignment 3
Hypothesize: What are some ways in which experimenting with alcohol can interfere with a teen’s future?
Describe how drinking alcohol before you are 21 could effect you personally.

35. Alcohol’s Addictive Power
Teens 15 and younger and four times more likely to develop an addiction than older individuals.
Addiction
A physical or psychological need for a drug
An addiction takes the focus off of healthy goals and damages relationships with family and friends.
People who are addicted to alcohol suffer from alcoholism.
Alcoholism
A progressive, chronic disease involving a mental and physical need for alcohol
People with alcoholism are called alcoholics
Like other drugs, using alcohol repeatedly can lead to addiction.

36. The Disease of Alcoholism
Five Major Symptoms of Alcoholism
Denial
Craving
Loss of control
Tolerance
Physical dependence
Tolerance
A process in which your body needs more and more of a drug to get the same effect
Denial:
The person has a hard time believing they have a problem. They are usually the last to admit they need help.
Craving:
The person has a strong need, or compulsion, to drink.
Loss of control:
The person is unable to limit her or his drinking on any given occasion.
Tolerance:
The person needs to drink more and more in order to feel the effects of intoxication.
Physical dependence:
If the person stops drinking abruptly, his or her body may experience symptoms, such as sweating, shakiness, and anxiety.
Physical dependence
A type of addiction in which the body itself feels a direct need for a drug

37. Costs to the Family Families and friends also suffer from denial.
Family members often neglect their own needs to focus on helping the alcoholic.
Enablers often make excuses or lie on behalf of the alcoholic.
Enablers
Persons who create an atmosphere in which the alcoholic can comfortably continue his or her unacceptable behavior
Family and friends often believe that the alcoholic just needs to stop drinking or cut down.
This situation can have a negative effect on self-esteem, especially if the alcoholic is abusive.

38. Costs to Society
The nation spends about $148 billion on alcohol abuse every year, half of which is paid by the American taxpayer.
Alcohol abusers often miss work, which costs businesses about $80.9 billion in lost productivity.
Productivity is how much work a person produces when he or she is on the job.

39. Four Symptoms of Alcohol Abuse
Failure to fulfill major work, school, or home responsibilities
Drinking in situations that are physically dangerous
Having ongoing alcohol-related legal problems
Continuing to drink even when relationships have been negatively affected by the person’s use of alcohol
Examples of drinking in situations that are physically dangerous include: Driving while intoxicated or riding in a car driven by someone who is drinking alcohol.
Ongoing alcohol-related legal problems include arrests for DWI or physically hurting someone while drunk.
There is a difference between alcoholism and alcohol abuse.
People who abuse alcohol are not physically dependent on alcohol.
Alcohol abuse
A pattern of drinking that results in one or more well-defined behaviors in a twelve-month period

40. Assignment 4
Analyze Over the past year, Andrew has secretly been drinking alcohol. He has missed a lot of school and has been in trouble with the law. Would you say Andrew is an alcoholic? Explain your answer.
Your are at a friend’s house. You overhear your friend’s father say, “I do not have a drinking problem.” Your friend looks uncomfortable, then says, “He really doesn’t have a problem you know.” What kind of behavior is your friend demonstrating?

41. Starting Down the Road to Recovery
An intervention can help overcome an alcoholic’s denial that he or she has a problem.
Intervention
A gathering in which family and friends get the problem drinker to agree to seek help
During treatment for alcoholism, the alcoholic must understand that he or she can never use alcohol again.
One drink would mean he or she is having a relapse.
Relapse
A return to the use of a drug after attempting to stop

42. Steps Along the Road Steps along the road to recovery are: Admission
Counseling
Detoxification
The physical process of freeing the body of an addictive substance
Resolution
Admission:
The person must admit that he or she has an addiction and ask for help.
Counseling:
Alcoholics need outside help form counselors and support groups to recover.
Alcoholics Anonymous is an organization that is made up entirely of recovering alcoholics.
Detoxification:
The alcoholic’s body must be freed of the physical need for alcohol.
Resolution:
The alcoholic resolves to accept responsibility for his or her actions.
The person is now referred to as a recovering alcoholic, or someone who has an addiction to alcohol but chooses to live without it.

43. Help for the Family
Al-Anon teaches family and friends about alcoholism and helps them understand how they have been affected.
Alateen exists within Al-Anon and is designed to help teens deal with alcoholic parents
Al-Anon is a non-profit group.
Al-Anon teaches families skills for coping with the many problems alcoholism creates.

44. Ways to Stay Alcohol Free
Avoid situations where alcohol is present.
Choose friends who are alcohol free.
Use refusal skills.
The best way to avoid the risks of alcohol is to choose to be alcohol free.
If the pressure continues, walk away
Get help from a trusted adult if needed.
Practice the S.T.O.P. strategy

45. Assignment 5
What community organizations are available to help alcoholics and their families and where can you find them?
Evaluate: What is the one fact about alcohol addiction you think a problem drinker needs to know the most?
Imagine that a friend admits to having a drinking problem. The way he plans to handle the problem is to gradually cut down on his drinking. Is this a wise plan? Why or why not?