1.  Prokaryote  Eukaryote  Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Can be multicellular or unicellular  Does not have a cell wall  Uses photosynthesis  Unicellular

3.  "Karyose" comes from a Greek word which means "kernel," as in a kernel of grain. In biology, we use this word root to refer to the nucleus of a cell.  "Pro" means "before," and "eu" means "true," or "good." Prokaryotic cells have no nuclei, while eukaryotic cells do have true nuclei.

4.  There are four major similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells  1. DNA, the genetic material contained in one or more chromosomes and located in a nonmembrane bound nucleoid region in prokaryotes and a membrane-bound nucleus in eukaryotes

5.  2. Plasma membrane, a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that separates the cell from the surrounding environment and functions as a selective barrier for the import and export of materials

6.  3. Cytoplasm, the rest of the material of the cell within the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleoid region or nucleus, that consists of a fluid portion called the cytosol and the organelles and other particulates suspended in it

7.  4. Ribosomes, the organelles on which protein synthesis takes place

8.  Prokaryotes, which include all bacteria and archaea (archaebacteria), are the simplest cellular organisms.  Prokaryotic cells are fundamentally different from eukaryotic cells. Notably, prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membranous organelles.

9.  The walls of bacteria consist of peptidoglycans. Sometimes there is also an outer capsule.  Some bacteria have flagella which are used for locomotion and/or pili, which may be used to pull two cells in close contact

10.  Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane- bound nucleus and numerous membrane- enclosed organelles not found in prokaryotes.  The nucleus is bounded by the nuclear envelope, a double membrane with many nuclear pores through which material enters and leaves. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells.

11.  4.6 billion years ago the Earth was formed  3.5 billion years ago the first life arose: prokaryotic bacteria  1.5 billion years ago eukaryotic cells arose  0.5 billion years ago the Cambrian explosion – multi-celled eukaryotes arose  3 million years ago our earliest ancestors, the hominids, appeared

12.  Eukaryotes are, on average, 10 times the size of prokaryotes