2.  In general, the passive voice is less direct, less forceful, and less concise than the active voice.  Use the passive voice in the following situations:  Use passive voice when you do not know or do not want to reveal the performer of an action.  Use passive voice when you want to emphasize the receiver of an action.

3.  The passive voice requires a "double verb" and will always consist of a form of the verb "to be" and the past participle (usually the "en/ed/t" form) of another verb.

4.  The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V(s/es) + O Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads books every day. Books are read (by him) every day.

5. Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O EX: He is writing a novel at the moment. A novel is being written (by him) at the moment.

6. Active: S + Has/Have + V ed + O Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him).

7. Active: S + V ed + O Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O EX: He gave Tom a book. A book was given to Tom (by him). Tom was given a book (by him).

8. Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday. A letter was being written (by him).

9. Active: S + had + V ed + O Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O EX: He had finished his homework before 8.00 yesterday. His homework had been finished (by him) before 8.00 yesterday.

10. Active: S + will/shall + V + O Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O EX: He will finish the homework. The homework will be finished.

11. Active: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow. Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at 10.00 tomorrow.

12. Active: S + will/shall + have + V ed + O Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP + by + O EX: By the end of next week, he will have written 10 letters to her. By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her.

13. Modal Verbs can be used in either the present or past forms. Active: S + MV (not) + V + O Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O EX: We can’t solve this problem. This problem can’t be solved.

14. 1.They have arrested him for shoplifting. He has been arrested for shoplifting. 1.People in Chile speak Spanish. Spanish is spoken in Chile. 1.They are repairing your car now. Your car is being repaired now.

15. Somebody will tell you where to go. You will be told where to go. The company has imported new computers from Japan. New computers have been imported by the company from Japan The personnel manager is still considering your application Your application is still being considered by the personnel manager.