1. Chemistry Ms. Piela

3. Periodic Table  Group – Vertical columns on PT  Period – Horizontal rows on PT

4. Main-Group Elements  Groups 1, 2, and 13-18

5. Main-Group Elements  The chemical properties of the main- group elements depends on their number of valence electrons  Valence electrons are the outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding

6. Valence Electrons & Chemical Properties  Each group of the main-group elements has the same number of valence electrons  Each element wants to be as stable as possible  All main-group elements want a full shell of electrons, which is 8 valence electrons

7. Valence Electrons & Chemical Properties  Each group forms ions based on the easiest way to obtain this full shell  Also known as the octet rule

8. Family Groups  Noble Gases (Group 18)  Examples: Ne, Xe  Description: stable, unreactive group of gases  Number of Valence Electrons: 8  Forms NO ions

9. Family Groups  Halogens (Group 17)  Examples: F, Cl  Description: Highly reactive group of gases  Number of Valence Electrons: 7  Forms 1- ions

10. Family Groups  Alkali Metals (Group 1)  Examples: Na, K (not H)  Description: Highly reactive group of metals  Number of Valence Electrons: 1  Forms 1+ ions

11. Brainiac Movie

12. Family Groups  Alkaline-Earth Metals (Group 2)  Examples: Be, Mg  Description: Slightly less reactive group than alkali metals  Number of Valence Electrons: 2  Forms 2+ ions

13. Family Groups  Transition Metals (Group 3 – 12)  Examples: Fe, Au, Ag  Description: Fairly stable group of metals  Forms multiple ions

14. Family Groups  Lanthanides & Actinides  Location: Bottom 2 periods of PT  Description: Heavy metals, synthetics, radioactive

15. States of Matter  Metals and Nonmetals (Staircase)