1. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Jack Ricciuti

2. EARLY SYMPTOMS The most common early symptoms of MS include: Tingling Numbness Loss of balance Weakness in one or more limbs Blurred or double vision Less common symptoms of MS may include: Slurred speech Sudden onset of paralysis Lack of coordination

3. LATER SYMPTOMS As the disease progresses, other symptoms may include Muscle spasms Sensitivity to heat Fatigue Changes in thinking or perception, Sexual disturbances

4. TREATMENTS Treatments for specific symptoms may include a range of treatments, including: Muscle problems – a combination of drugs may ease muscle problems, including stiffness and tremors. Physiotherapy is also recommended. + Fatigue – some studies have found that drugs used to treat the sleep disorder narcolepsy are helpful in controlling MS-related fatigue. Neurological symptoms – visual disturbances can be helped with drugs, including steroids. Continence – treatment for continence problems may include special exercises, medications, continence aids (such as disposable pads) and certain dietary changes. Neuropsychological problems – treatment for depression or anxiety may include counselling or medication. Memory problems and other cognitive difficulties can be better managed with professional help from a neuropsychologist.

5. WHAT LIFE WILL BE LIKE IN THE FUTURE Multiple sclerosis is not a fatal disease. Except in rare cases of severe disease, most people with multiple sclerosis have a normal or near-normal life span and usually die from the same conditions that affect the general population. Still, MS symptoms can negatively affect quality of life. Suicide rates among patients with MS are higher than average. The majority of patients with MS do not become severely disabled. Twenty years after diagnosis, about two-thirds of people with MS do not need a wheelchair, although many of them may use a cane or crutches for walking assistance. Some patients use an electric scooter or wheelchair to help cope with fatigue or balance problems. The severity of the disease, and how the disease progresses, varies widely from patient to patient and is unpredictable. Most patients, however, will have some degree of disease progression.