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Published byDwight Prosper Burke Modified over 9 years ago
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Getting started with Sanskrit grammar
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Inflectional form: Root + Affix = Stem Stem + Inflectional ending = Word
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Categories of verb inflection: Voice: Active, Middle, Passive
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Categories of verb inflection: Person: 1 st, 2 nd, 3rd
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Categories of verb inflection: Number: Singular, Dual, Plural
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Categories of verb inflection: Mood: Indicative, Potential, Imperative, Injunctive
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Categories of verb inflection: Tense: Present, Imperfect (Present system) Future, Conditional (Future system) Aorist (Aorist system) Perfect (Perfect system)
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First conjugation active verbs in the present tense
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Agreement suffixes for the present tense (active voice):
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Active present-tense forms of bhç- `carry’ (present-tense stem bhara-):
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The Sanskrit cases: Nominative Vocative Accusative Instrumental Dative Ablative Genitive Locative
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Nominative forms of the personal pronouns:
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Uses of the nominative and accusative cases:
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Adpositions governing the accusative:
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Accusative forms of the personal pronouns:
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Gender: Usually, males are denoted by masculine nouns (e.g. nara- `man', masc.) and females by feminine nouns (e.g. strã- `woman', fem.); the gender assigned to nouns denoting sexless things has no clear semantic basis. There are, however, some fairly reliable correlations between a noun's gender and the form of its stem. e.g. stems in a are generally masculine and neuter, while stems in long vowels are mostly feminine.
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Short-a stem declension: aśva- `horse' (masc.)
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Short-a stem declension: dàna- `gift' (neut.)
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