1. Early Exploration

2. Reasons for Exploration
The Plague and Warfare
New Trade Routes
New Technology
Mercantilism/Gold
Spread Christianity

3. Prince Henry the Navigator
Son of King John I of Portugal
Supported Portugal’s Exploration and Trade with Africa and Asia
Invented or encouraged the use of the Caravel and Astrolabe
Deathly afraid of water

4. Christopher Columubus
Christopher Columbus
Background
Christopher Columubus
1. Born in Genoa, Italy in 1451
2. An experienced sailor, and cartographer (mapmaker)
3. Searched for faster trade routes to India and China, other than the ones found in Marco Polo’s journals.
4. Originally asked the Portuguese for sponsorship in

5. Columbus’s Journey 1. Columbus set sail on 8/3/1492
2. His ships were the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
3. Columbus landed in the “New World” (Hispaniola and Cuba) on 10/12/1492
4. Columbus would make 4 journeys to the “New World” from , always thinking he’d made it to Asia

6. Reasons to Explore
1. Columbus came in search of Gold and riches to ship back to Spain.
3. Sought Glory by bringing some of the natives and samples of the flora back to Spain.
2. Spread Christianity, (God) primarily Roman Catholicism with the blessing of Pope Alexander VI.

7. Spanish Explorers Explorers Area Explored De Soto De Leon Cortes
Cabrillo
Coronado
Balboa
Pizarro
Sails up the Mississippi River and explores the Gulf of Mexico
Explores Florida and searches for the Fountain of Youth
Conquers the Aztecs in Mexico
Explores the Pacific Coast
Explores Colorado
Discovers the Pacific Ocean
Conquers the Incas in Peru

8. Portuguese Exploration
Explorers
Area Explored
1. Diaz
2. da Gama
3. Cabral
1. East Coast of Africa and Sails the Cape of Good Hope.
2. Circumnavigates the coast of Africa and explores India
3. Explores Brazil

10. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
Spain:
1. Controls North and South America except for Brazil.
Portugal:
1. Controls all of Africa and Islands in the Caribbean and Brazil.

11. The Columbian Exchange

12. St. Augustine, FL 1565
The First Successful European Colony in North America.
It is the oldest continuous city in North America
Established Spain’s control of the east coast of North America, and acted as a base for Spanish Pirate raids in the Caribbean.

13. Social Pyramid in Spanish Colonies
Mestizos (people of mixed race)
Native People and African Slaves
Social Pyramid in Spanish Colonies
•The Spanish colonial organization was based on hierarchical structure, which placed the Spanish at the top of the colonial society.
•Mestizos were people made up of Spanish and Native cultures
•Native Americans and Slaves were at the bottom of the Social Structure.

14. The Mission System
1. To establish security for its colonies, including its most valuable; New Mexico, Spain established the Mission System.
2. The Mission System was created by Fr. Junipero Serra
3. Missions were established along the frontier from California (San Francisco) to South Carolina.