1. OT Survey II Overview of the Prophets

2. Early Prophesies of Latter Times 4) Moses: Deuteronomy 30:1-10 3) Jacob: Genesis 49:1 2) Job: Job 19:25-27 1) Enoch: Jude 1:14-15

3. The Difficulty of the Prophets (e.g., Isaiah) Difficult Vocabulary Difficult Vocabulary Almost 2,200 total words. That’s ~ 33/chapter. Almost 2,200 total words. That’s ~ 33/chapter. 238 words used nowhere else 238 words used nowhere else Difficult Imagery Difficult Imagery “Was it not Thou who cut Rahab in pieces, Who pierced the dragon?” (Isa 51:9c) “Was it not Thou who cut Rahab in pieces, Who pierced the dragon?” (Isa 51:9c) “He will eat curds and honey…” (Isa 7:15) “He will eat curds and honey…” (Isa 7:15) Difficult Geography Difficult Geography Isa 10:28-34: A convergence on Jerusalem Isa 10:28-34: A convergence on Jerusalem Isa 11:11: “From Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and from the islands of the sea” Isa 11:11: “From Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and from the islands of the sea”

4. The Difficulty of the Prophets (e.g., Isaiah, continued…) Difficult Hermeneutics Difficult Hermeneutics Isaiah 7:14 – “Fulfilled” in Matt 1:22-23 Isaiah 7:14 – “Fulfilled” in Matt 1:22-23 Isaiah 61:1-2 – Read (partially?) by Jesus in Luke 4:18-19 Isaiah 61:1-2 – Read (partially?) by Jesus in Luke 4:18-19 Difficult Structure! Difficult Structure!

5. Structure “What makes these books [i.e., Jeremiah and some other prophetic books] particularly, and one might say needlessly, difficult is the very manner of their arrangement—or to be more accurate, their apparent lack of arrangement. The reader who meets them for the first time is likely to be quite at a loss. All seems confusion. There is no narrative for him to follow, nor can he trace any logical progression running through them and binding their parts together into a

6. Structure coherent whole. No sooner has he grasped a line of thought, and prided himself that he is following it tolerably well, than it breaks off and something quite different is being discussed. The impression he gains is one of extreme disarray; and one can scarcely blame him for concluding that he is reading a hopeless hodgepodge thrown together without any discernable principle of arrangement at all.” John Bright, Jeremiah, Anchor Bible, lvi. (quoted in Dorsey, Literary Structure of the Old Testament, 236).

7. Bible Divisions 1)Torah (Genesis – Deuteronomy) 2)Former Prophets (Joshua – Kings) 3)Latter Prophets (Isaiah – The Twelve) 4)Writings (Psalms, Proverbs, etc…) 5)Gospels and Acts 6)Epistles 7)Revelation

8. The Prophets in the English Canon 1) Pentateuch: Genesis through Deuteronomy 2) Historical Books: Joshua through Esther 3) Poetry/Wisdom Literature: Job through Song of Songs 4) Major & Minor Prophets: Isaiah through Malachi

9. Books in the Prophetic Section of the English Bible Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Major ProphetsMinor Prophets Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Isaiah Jeremiah Ezekiel The Prophets in the English Canon

10. Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Major ProphetsMinor Prophets Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Isaiah Jeremiah Ezekiel The Twelve Isaiah Jeremiah Ezekiel Latter ProphetsFormer Prophets Joshua Judges Samuel Kings Books in the Prophetic Section of the Hebrew Bible The Prophets in the Hebrew Canon

11. The Minor Prophets Twelve THE LATTER PROPHETS BY SIZE BOOKSCHAPTERSVERSESWORDS Jeremiah Ezekiel Isaiah The Twelve 52 48 66 67 1,364 1,273 1,292 1,050 42,659 39,407 37,044 30,305 42334,979149,415 Adapted from J. E. Smith, The Minor Prophets ***The Twelve also cover centuries, not decades!

12. The Prophets in the Hebrew Canon 1) Pentateuch: Birth of the nation, Mosaic Covenant 2) Former Prophets: Fall of the nation, Davidic Covenant 3) Latter Prophets: Hope of the nation, New Covenant 4) Writings: Waiting of the nation, How long?

13. Time Period Cyrus allows exiles to return 539 BC (Ezra 1:1-4) Judah exiled by Babylon 586 BC (also 605, 597) (2 Kgs 25) Israel exiled by Assryia 722 BC (2 Kgs 17) Solomon begins building the temple 966 BC (1 Kgs 6:1) The Exodus from Egypt 1446 BC (1 Kgs 6:1) Israel enters Egypt 1876 BC (Ex 12:40-41) Abraham’s birth 2166 BC (Gen 12:4; 21:5; 25:26; 47:9) Torah (Gen-Deut) Former Prophets (Joshua-Kings) Latter Prophets (Isaiah-Malachi)

14. Time Period (cont…) Nehemiah in Jerusalem ~ 420 BC Cyrus’s decree 539 BC Babylonian exile 586 BC Assyrian exile 722 BC Jeroboam II (Israel) Uzziah (Judah) 770 BC Jonah, Hosea, Amos Isaiah, Micah Assyrian Defeat 701 BC Nahum, Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Habakkuk Ezekiel, Daniel Haggai, Zechariah Malachi Joel?Obadiah?

15. Hosea, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel “I will no longer show compassion to the house of Israel, that I should forgive them; but, I will show compassion to the house of Judah and will save them by the LORD their God, not by bow, sword, battle, horses, or horsemen” (Hos 1:6b-7) 722 Fall of Israel 701 Jerusalem Spared 605 First Deportation 597 Second Deportation 586 Fall of Judah Hosea “I will deliver you and this city from the hand of the king of Assyria. I will defend this city.” (Isa 38:6) “The time will surely come when everything in your palace, and all that your fathers have stored up until this day, will be carried off to Babylon. Nothing will be left, says the LORD.” (Isa 39:6) Isaiah Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi Jeremiah BEFORE 586 "Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death. He who dwells in this city will die by the sword and by famine and by pestilence; but he who goes out and falls away to the Chaldeans who are besieging you will live, and he will have his own life as booty. For I have set My face against this city for harm and not for good," declares the LORD. “It will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it with fire.” (Jer 21:8-10) AFTER 586 “If you will indeed stay in this land, then I will build you up and not tear you down, and I will plant you and not uproot you; for I shall relent concerning the calamity that I have inflicted on you. Do not be afraid of the king of Babylon, whom you are now fearing; do not be afraid of him,” declares the LORD, “for I am with you to save you and deliver you from his hand. I will also show you compassion, so that he will have compassion on you and restore you to your own soil. But if you… AFTER 586 (cont…) …are going to say, ‘We will not stay in this land,’ so as not to listen to the voice of the LORD your God, saying, ‘No, but we will go to the land of Egypt, where we shall not see war or hear the sound of a trumpet or hunger for bread, and we will stay there’; then in that case listen to the word of the LORD, O remnant of Judah. Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, ‘If you really set your mind to enter Egypt, and go in to reside there, then it will… AFTER 586 (cont…) …come about that the sword, which you are afraid of will overtake you there in the land of Egypt; and the famine, about which you are anxious, will follow closely after you there in Egypt; and you will die there. So all the men who set their mind to go to Egypt to reside there will die by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence; and they will have no survivors or refugees from the calamity that I am going to bring on them.’ For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, ‘As My… AFTER 586 (cont…) …anger and wrath have been poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so My wrath will be poured out on you when you enter Egypt. And you will become a curse, an object of horror, an imprecation, and a reproach; and you will see this place no more.’ The LORD has spoken to you, O remnant of Judah, ‘Do not go into Egypt!’ You should clearly understand that today I have testified against you.” (Jer 42:10-19) “As the wood of the vine among the trees of the forest, which I have given to the fire for fuel, so have I given up the inhabitants of Jerusalem” (Ezek 15:6) “Although I have cast them far off among the Gentiles, and although I have scattered them among the countries, yet I shall be a little sanctuary for them in the countries where they have gone…I will gather you from the peoples, assemble you from the countries where you have been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel.” (Ezek 11:16-17) Ezekiel

16. Purpose of OT Survey “This class is designed to survey the Hebrew Scriptures so as to give the student a good framework for understanding God’s plan and character as He deals with the nation of Israel. The Old Testament will be studied according to the division of the English canon: Pentateuch, historical books, wisdom literature, and prophets. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the broad sweep of this portion of divine revelation, and particularly on how later revelation builds on earlier revelation.”

17. Purpose of OT Survey “This class is designed to survey the Hebrew Scriptures so as to give the student a good framework for understanding God’s plan and character as He deals with the nation of Israel. The Old Testament will be studied according to the division of the English canon: Pentateuch, historical books, wisdom literature, and prophets. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the broad sweep of this portion of divine revelation, and particularly on how later revelation builds on earlier revelation.”

18. Exodus 20 1) … no other gods before Me (v. 3) 2) … not make for yourself an idol (v. 4) 3) … not take the name of the LORD your God in vain (v. 7) 4) Remember the sabbath day (v. 8) 5) Honor your father and mother (v. 12) 6) You shall not murder (v. 13) 8) You shall not steal (v. 15) 7) You shall not commit adultery (v. 14) 10) You shall not covet … (v. 17) 9) You shall not bear false witness (v. 16) Torah  Latter Prophets Hosea 4:1-2 Listen to the word of the LORD, O sons of Israel, for the LORD has a case against the inhabitants of the land, because there is no faithfulness or kindness or knowledge of God in the land. There is swearing, deception, murder, stealing, and adultery. They employ violence, so that bloodshed follows bloodshed

19. Jeremiah 7:9-10: “Will you steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and offer sacrifices to Baal, and walk after other gods that you have not known, then come and stand before Me in this house, which is called by My name, and say, ‘We are delivered!’ -- that you may do all these abominations?” Torah  Latter Prophets

20. Jeremiah 31:31 "Behold, days are coming," declares the LORD, "when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. Former Prophets  Latter Prophets

21. Daniel 9:1-3: In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of Median descent, who was made king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans--in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, observed in the books the number of the years which was revealed as the word of the LORD to Jeremiah the prophet for the completion of the desolations of Jerusalem, namely, seventy years. So I gave my attention to the Lord God to seek Him by prayer and supplications, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes. Latter Prophets  Writings

22. Next Week Song of Solomon