2. Nucleic Acids Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

3. Nucleic Acid Basics Contain instructions to build proteins 2 types: – DNA – RNA Blueprint to build a boat Proteins built from DNA instructions

4. Nucleic Acid Basics Contain instructions to build proteins 2 types: – DNA – RNA Composed of smaller units called nucleotides – Monomer: Nucleotide – Polymer: Nucleic acid Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Nucleic acid (polymer)

5. Nucleotide Structure What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids Three parts – Sugar molecule – Phosphate group – 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases (A, T, C, or G) Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Nucleic acid (polymer) adenine thymine cytosine guanine

6. Nucleotide Structure What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids Three parts – Sugar molecule – Phosphate group – 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases (A, T, C, or G) Nucleotides combine to make nucleic acids

7. 1. How many nucleotides are pictured? 2. What is this long chain of nucleotides called? 3. Name the blue shaped pentagon molecule. 4. What are these individual monomers called? 5. What will these instructions be used to create? Six Nucleic acid Sugar Nucleotides Protein 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor

8. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides Hydrogen bond connects the two nucleotides

9. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides Hydrogen bond connects the two nucleotides Chargaff’s Rules: – A pairs with T – C pairs with G

10. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides Hydrogen bond connects the two nucleotides Chargaff’s Rules: – A pairs with T – C pairs with G Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein Gene A: Hemoglobin protein Gene B: Keratin protein Gene C: Collagen protein

11. 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7

12. Ribonucleic Acid Single chain of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

13. Ribonucleic Acid Single chain of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine Function: Deliver instructions from DNA to ribosome Instructions to build protein Physically builds the protein

14. How do nucleotides bond together? Dehydration synthesis H H O Sugar N base O O O OOP Sugar N base HO O OOP Sugar N base O O O OOP Sugar N base HO O OOP

15. How do nucleotides bond together? Dehydration synthesis!

16. How do nucleic acids break apart? Hydrolysis Sugar N base O OH OOP O Sugar N base HO O OOP H HH O

17. 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor MonomerPolymer CarbohydratesA?B? ProteinsC?Protein (polypeptide) LipidsD?Lipid Nucleic acidsE?Nucleic acid monosaccharidepolysaccharide Amino acid Fatty acid, Glycerol Nucleotide

18. Kobe Kuiz 1)Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double helix, Nitrogen base 2)Name the monomer of nucleic acids. 3)How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated? RNA? 4)Name the three parts to a nucleotide. 5)What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond with? 6)If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would the attached DNA strand read? 7)How are DNA and RNA different? Same? 8)How does dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis differ?