1. Regional and local economics Slide 1 Lecture 9b The Renaissance of local economic regeneration in the UK – Main themes and activities Aims  Examine local economic regeneration & look at generic initiatives and programmes  Examine competitive bidding and the role of physical regeneration  Examine the issues of employment education and training and how these impact on regeneration Outcomes  Have a good idea of the scope of local economic development  Be conversant with the principles of competitive bidding  Be aware of how local regeneration impacts on real economic issues Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

2. Regional and local economics Slide 2 Economic Analysis Structure, employment, income, output, linkages Social Analysis Stress, deprivation, skills, facilities, minorities Environmental Analysis Physical quality, resources, waste, congestion, design External drivers of change Macro trends, European policy, competitor cities Application to the urban area City wide analysis, neighbourhood characteristics, existing plans, specific goals, future requirements Internal drivers of change Existing strategies, availability of resources, preference of residents, leaders & champions Environmental action Waste management, energy efficiency, urban greening, company based action Economic Development Support new & existing firms, improved infrastructure, innovation, diversification Neighbourhood strategies Community action, inner area renewal, social facilities Training & Education Skills enhancement, community training, enhanced R&D Physical improvements City centre, estates, housing, design & quality heritage Inputs Outputs Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

3. Regional and local economics Slide 3 Urban Regeneration: A Handbook (2001) Retention of spending demand-side – Manufacturing – Services – Exports Improving efficiency supply-side – Infrastructure – Innovation – Entrepreneurship – Education and training Why urban areas have declined – Structuralist – Counter-urbanisation – Marxist – Sectoral or planning – External ownership – Product cycle Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

4. Regional and local economics Slide 4 Phases of Urban Policy Mid 60s to 1977  Culture of poverty thesis 1977- early 80s  Land and Premises Early 80s – 1988  Private sector “Flagships” Post 1988  Variable problems, local ownership Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

5. Regional and local economics Slide 5 Generic Initiatives/Programmes  Grant support  Land grant – Urban development grants – Urban regeneration grants  Relaxation of Regulation  Enterprise zones  Urban Development Agencies  UDC – English partnerships  Integrated approaches  CATs, Task Forces Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

6. Regional and local economics Slide 6 Competitive Bidding and Funding Picking winners  City Challenge  Single Regeneration Budget Future  Broad range of partners  Needs of locals  Effect sectoral changes  Demonstrate innovation  Tangible benefits  Replicate Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

7. Regional and local economics Slide 7 Physical regeneration Role of Physical Regeneration  Removing constraints  Leading the change  Building on opportunities  Supply-side investments  Integrated renewal  Avoiding conflict Sustainable development  Economic  Technical  Political Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

8. Regional and local economics Slide 8 Social and Community Issues Characteristics of communities – Personal attributes – Beliefs – Economic position – Skills – Relationship to local services – Place – Togetherness Features  Needs and provision, Special needs, Vision that is shared  Representation, Empowerment  To make a partnership work  Co-ordination  Effective management structures  Link into different programmes Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

9. Regional and local economics Slide 9 Capacity Building Ingredients  Skills  Acquiring knowledge  The availability of resources  Ability to influence Operation  Programme Bending  Community Linking  Mainstream  Localist Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

10. Regional and local economics Slide 10 Employment, Education and Training Causes of urban employment problems Congestion High land values Under investment High security costs Few skilled people Unemployment harder to crack Unemployable Impersonal nature Disadvantaged groups concentrated Language problems Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

11. Regional and local economics Slide 11 Labour Market Policy Demand-side  Attracting inward investment  Creating micro business  Temporary jobs public funding  Expand public sector  Reduce Labour costs Supply-side  Information  Basic education  Develop vocational skills  Enhance motivation  Increase incentives Avoiding DDS  export;  support long-term growth;  meet skill demand Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

12. Regional and local economics Slide 12 Education, training & future Business contribution  Management  Examples and equipment  Work experience  Mentoring Key actors  Local authorities  LSC  ES  Business Link  Voluntary sector Future  Occupational change  Flexible  Social back-up  Small high-tech Strengths  Education  Health  Culture, sport and heritage Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b

13. Regional and local economics Slide 13 Conclusions  Urban areas have faced economic decline for the last 50 years, structuralist, counter-urbanisation etc.  Current phase of policy began in 1988  Range of strategies employed  Significant role for physical regeneration  Social and community issues increasingly important focus on capacity building.  Severe under and unemployment - actions needed on the demand and supply sides of the labour market  Business have key contribution in education and training in partnership with others  More challenges to come Regional and Local Economics (RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 9b