1. Picture Books in the Golden Age English 505 Dr. Roggenkamp

2. What is a picture book? Different from an “illustrated text” or novel with pictures Book in which illustrations and text are equally balanced, equally important Words depend on the pictures to tell part of the story, and vice versa Neither element can “stand alone” Together, they complete the story—create a “third story” between them

3. Picture Books and Illustrated Texts “A picture [book] is not the same as an illustrated story: there the words alone could tell the story and the illustrations simply break up the words or decorate the text.... In the best picture books, the illustrations are absolutely necessary. They carry parts of the story or narrative and in some cases the language is dropped and the pictures alone are all that is needed” (Libby Gleeson, Making Picture Books). See also Perry Nodelman, Words About Pictures

4. Adults and Picture Books We tend to read just the words Children (especially pre-literate children) both hear the words and “read” the illustrations at the same time—get a much fuller sense of the picture book

5. Factors in Picture Book Physical format—cover, shape, size, “feel” in our hands, kind of paper used, etc. Way type is laid out, spaced on page; location of page turns Borders—white border or not, shifting borders Color, shade, saturation Line, proportion Medium Visual symbols/cultural “cues” (cross, wolf, bunny)

6. History of Picture Books 1658, Orbis Sensualium Pictus (Johannes Amos Comenius) argued by some to be first picture book 1744, Little Pretty Pocket Book (John Newbery) Other didactic books like Struwwelpeter (1845)

7. Early Illustrated Texts Pre-printing press: illustration limited to scribe’s skill Post-printing press (15 th century): woodcuts Technology of choice for nearly 400 years Occasional hand coloring 19 th century: lithography, photography 20 th century: Color spectrum increases; improved techniques

8. Victorian Illustrated Texts Mid to late 19 th century— publishing/printing changes make extensive illustration more feasible Publishing of PICTURE BOOKS (as opposed to illustrated texts) Illustration becomes associated with books for children Childhood as joyous & pleasurable; illustrations as joyous & pleasurable Image: Illustration by Kate Greenaway

9. Kate Greenaway (1846-1901)

10. Walter Crane (1845-1915)

11. Randolph Caldecott (1846-1886)

12. Beatrix Potter (1866-1943)

13. Additional Online Resources on History of Picture Books http://www.northern.edu/hastingw/picbkhis.htm http://www.chfestival.org/publications/Children%27s _Picture_Books_Lesson_Plan.pdfhttp://www.chfestival.org/publications/Children%27s _Picture_Books_Lesson_Plan.pdf http://picturingbooks.imaginarylands.org/

14. Good Introductions to Picture Book Theory Perry Nodelman, Words About Pictures Maria Nikolajeva & Carole Scott, How Picturebooks Work