1. Work Packages: 1. Technologies (combination of CSP and desalting technologies) 2. Water and Solar Energy Resources 3. Demand Side Scenario 4. CSP Market Potential 2000-2050 5. Socio-Economic Impacts 6. Environmental Impacts 7. Literature

2. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Impacts of Conventional Desalination  Seawater intake for desalination and for the cooling system may cause impingement and entrainment of organisms,  airborne emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide are caused by the generation of electricity and heat required to power the desalination plants,  chemical additives and biocides used to avoid fouling, foaming, corrosion and scaling of the desalination plants may finally appear in the brine,  discharge of hot brine with high salt concentration to the sea may affect local species.

3. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Impacts of Multi-Effect-Desalination

4. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Impacts of Conventional Reverse Osmosis

5. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Systems compared by Life Cycle Assessment

6. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Life Cycle Assessment of Emissions

7. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Life Cycle Emissions compared to CC/RO Combined Cycle / Reverse Osmosis = 100 %

8. WP 6: Environmental Impacts CSP/RO

9. WP 6: Environmental Impacts MENA Electricity Mix / RO

10. WP 6: Environmental Impacts CSP/MED

11. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Gas-Fired CHP / MED

12. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Horizontal Drain Intake Single horizontal drain (left) and fan of horizontal drains in the sea bed /Peters et al. 2007/

13. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Nano-Filtration Nano-Filtration: + 300 – 350 $/m³/d + 10 – 15 ct/m³ + 1 – 1.2 kWh/m³

14. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Advanced CSP/MED + 20 - 30 % Investment + 20 - 30 % Energy – 95 - 99 % Additives

15. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Advanced CSP/RO + 20 - 30 % Investment + 20 - 30 % Energy – 95 - 99 % Additives

16. Conventional Desalination Plant Screening, Filtration Tunel Intake Desalination Plant Direct Discharge Power Plant Heat / Power Anti-Scaling Anti-Foaming Anti-Corrosion Desinfection

17. Advanced CSP-Desalination Plant Nano- Filtration Horizontal Drain Intake Desalination Plant Horizontal Drain Discharge Power Plant Heat / Power Concentrating Solar Collector & Storage

18. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Impact on Global Warming

19. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Impact of broad Dissemination in MENA

20. WP 6: Environmental Impacts Conclusions  Large scale conventional seawater desalination would create significant environmental impacts  CSP can reduce energy related emissions to few percent  Beachwell or horizontal drain intake and nano-filtration can reduce additives  Horizontal drain intake can reduce impingement and entrainment and horizontal drain discharge can avoid concentration of heat and salt  Advanced CSP seawater desalination can be compatible with the environment