1. Biomolecules Lecture Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

2. You are what you eat

3. Carbohydrates

4. Monosaccharides 4 Examples: 1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Ribose 4. Deoxyribose

5. Glucose Structure

6. Function of Glucose

7. Fructose Structure

8. Function of Fructose Used by sperm cells as source of energy Converted to glucose and used as source of energy

9. Structure of Ribose and Deoxyribose deoxyribose

10. Function of Ribose Part of RNA nucleotides and ATP RNA Nucleotide RNA

11. Function of Ribose Part of RNA nucleotides and ATP ATP

12. Function of Deoxyribose Part of DNA nucleotides

13. Disaccharides 3 examples: 1.Sucrose 2. Lactose 3. Maltose

14. Carbohydrate Synthesis/Hydrolysis

15. Carbohydrate Structure Maltose Glucose + Glucose

16. Sucrose Structure

17. Sucrose Function Once it is broken down, it is used as a source of energy

18. Lactose

19. Maltose

20. How sweet is sweet? We perceive a sweet taste when a chemical binds to the sweet receptor on the tongue –The structure of a compound determines how well it fits into a receptor –The more strongly the chemical binds to the receptor, the sweeter it is perceived to be –The chemical can be sugar or another compound, such as aspartame

22. Polysaccharides 3 examples: 1.Glycogen 2.Starch 3.Cellulose

26. G LYCOGEN C ELLULOSE S TARCH

27. 27

28. Lipids 3 types of lipids: 1. Triglycerides (fats & oils) 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids

29. Lipids Fats and oils are composed of 2 types of subunits: glycerol and fatty acids. Fats and oils are composed of 2 types of subunits: glycerol and fatty acids.

30. Examples of Trigylcerides

31. Triglyceride

33. Saturated Fats

34. Unsaturated Fats

35. Trans Fats

36. Phospholipids

38. Steroids 1 2 3 4

39. Examples of Steroids

40. Proteins Proteins are made up of amino acids linked together

41. Proteins OHOH

42. Proteins

44. Examples of Amino Acids

46. Protein Structure 46 The function of a protein is a result of its 3-D structure

47. Protein Structure

48. Lactase

49. Protein Structure

50. Protein Movement

51. Protein Transport

52. LE 5-13c ATP

53. Protein Buffers Help maintain pH in our body

54. Protein Receptors Can Activate Molecules Messenger molecule Receptor Activated molecule

55. Protein Control

56. Protein Defense

57. Protein Enzymes

58. Enzyme Active Site

60. DNA: 1.Stores genetic code. That is it stores all of the “recipes” for making the proteins our body needs (cookbook) 2.Controls when cells divide 3.Regulates metabolism (when enzymes are made)

61. Genes: Instructions for making 1 protein (1 “recipe”)

62. RNA Structure

64. RNA Function 1. Involved in protein synthesis 2. Can function as enzymes (called ribozymes)

65. mRNA Has rewritten instructions for making proteins (rewritten “recipe”) tRNA Carries amino acids (ingredients) as per instructions on mRNA rRNA Holds mRNA and tRNA so that amino acids can be linked as per original “recipe” on DNA (mixing bowl)

66. DNA Nucleotide Phosphate Group Sugar Nitrogenous Base

67. DNA Nucleotide

70. RNA Structure

71. DNA vs RNA

72. DNA and RNA

73. RNA