1. Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

2. International Terrorism
Chapter 8
Terrorist Spillovers
International Terrorism

3. Defining International Terrorism
The Spillover Effect
The struggle “spills over” into the international domain.
Domestic attacks against victims with an international profile.
Operations in a foreign country.
Unambiguous International Implications
International consequences must be clear.
Case: Attacks on embassies.
Case: Airline hijackings.

4. Defining International Terrorism (continued)
Terrorist Environments and International Terrorism
International state terrorism.
International dissident terrorism.
International religious terrorism.
International left-wing terrorism.
International right-wing terrorism.
International criminal terrorism.

5. International Terrorist Environments

6. Reasons for International Terrorism
Modern “isms” and International Revolutionary Solidarity
Cold War motivations for international resistance.
Imperialism.
Neocolonialism.
Zionism.

7. Reasons for International Terrorism (continued)
Perceived Efficiency
Potential for maximum publicity.
Potential for inflicting maximum psychological anxiety.
Pragmatism.
Adaptations of Revolutionary Theory
Fish swimming in the sea of the people.
Enraging the beast.
Liberating violence.

8. Reasons for International Terrorism (continued)
Historical Reasons
West was often a target during wars of national liberation.
Anticolonial rebels became national leaders.
Terrorism was a matter of pragmatic choice.
Fusion of ideology and warfare.

9. International Terrorist Networks
Cold War Terrorist-Networking Theory
Western theory that Soviet proxies were the source of international terrorism.
Uncomplicated and simplistic scenario.
International Terrorist Environments
Monolithic.
Strong multipolar.
Weak multipolar.
Cell-based.

10. International Terrorist Environments

11. International Dimension of the New Terrorism
A “Stateless Revolution” by Religious Radicals
The Afghan Arabs at War
Mujahideen in Bosnia
Al Qaeda and International Terrorism
The Madrid Train Bombings
The London Transportation System Attacks
Terrorist Violence in Iraq

12. The “Stateless Revolutionaries”