2. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Hybrid ; Clean and Fuel Saving Technology for the Current and Future Vehicles OICA/JAMA Hirose Katsuhiko/Toyota Motor Corporation

3. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 What are possible with hybrid?

4. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Hybrid vehicle vs conventional vehicles Hybridization

5. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Fuel Consumption on Various Driving Cycles Fuel Consumption ( liter/ 100 km ) 0 Prius 42681012 Conventional Vehicle Source:Toyota data Conventional Vehicle: IW 1250 kg with Automatic Transmission, L4 - 1.5L Engine Japanese 10-15 mode (22.7km/h) ECE mode (33.6km/h) US-FTP (48.2km/h) Traffic jam mode (11.4km/h) Highway mode (Average speed 100km/h)

6. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 What is hybrid?

7. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 What is hybrid? “At least 2 different energy converters and 2 different energy sources for the vehicle propulsion”

8. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Battery Inverter Engine Transmission Battery Inverter Engine Generator Series hybrid Parallel Hybrid Hybrid System Motor

9. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 + + Energy Management Energy Energy help acceleration acceleration Engine output energy with maximum efficiency Energy Storage(Battery) Recovery of braking energy Storage of excess energy Time Acceleration Deceleration Engine turns off - -

10. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 １ 0 Japanese 10-15mode US City mode (LA# ４ ) Engine Stop (25%) Efficiency Increase Engine Efficiency Engine Efficiency Electric CVT Electric CVT (50% ） Regenerative Brake (25%) Engine Stop (10%) Regenerative Brake (30%) Efficiency Increase Engine Efficiency Engine Efficiency Electric CVT Electric CVT (45% ） Analysis for Fuel Economy Fuel Economy Improvement Rate

11. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 １９００２０００ Vehicle Total Thermal Efficiency 20 10 30 Base Vehicle Hybridization Evolution of Vehicle thermal efficiency HV-A 1997 HV A 2000 Oil Crisis

12. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Market Penetration of Future Power Source MarketPenetration Technology High efficiency, Low emission, Reliability, etc. Product Performance, Price Market Condition Fuel, Infrastructure, Technical standard, Tax, etc.

13. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Future vehicle requirements –Good performance –High efficiency –Low environmental impacts –Cost effective Product

14. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Good Performance 15 10 Acceleration 0-100km/h （ Sec ） Mid range acceleration 5 5 10  Ａ / Ｔ 1.5L Ａ / Ｔ 1.5L Ａ / Ｔ Good km/h （ Sec ） 80-110 HV-A 2000/1.5L HV B Good Mid range acceleration due to the rich motor torque Good Practical Performance Attractive Product for the customers

15. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 *2: CO 2 emission of FCV is an estimation. CO 2 emission (MPI-SI =1) Low Environmental Impact (CO 2 ) Well to Wheel CO 2 Emissions 00.511.52 Onboard Reform FCHV Hydrogen FCHV Hybrid THS(Gasoline) CNG DICI(Diesel) DISI MPI-SI(Gasoline) *2 *1: Made from CNG. *1 EC mode EV Current Future Tech

16. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 96 98000204 0 50 ULEV Prius SULEV 5 ppmc Gasoline Engine approaching Ambient Air level Hybrids help catalyst warm up hence reach very low emission level Cold start emission Hot start emission Low Environmental Impacts (Emissions) Year Gas Concentration

17. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Cost High Low Price EV HEV Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicle

18. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Does Hybrid meets future vehicle requirements –Good performance –High efficiency –Low environmental impacts –Cost effective High Cost/Price is still a big issue to be solved. Yes Summery

19. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Hybrid Vehicles - Phase to spreads 2001: Mild HV Mild Hybrid System 2001 minivan HV 1997 Series hybrid system 1997 PC Strong HV 1999 Sport Car HV Laboratory

20. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Sales Volume (EV vs. Hybrid) 1970 1990 30, 000 Hybrid EV year 2000 number of units sold 100,000+

21. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Hybrid Most promising technology Proved high efficiency Market acceptable –more than 100000 vehicles now on the road since1997 Cost/Price is still big issue –Real mass production necessary to lower to the comparable cost with conventional vehicles

22. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 For the environmental technologies Industry makes effort to enhance performance and product customer acceptability. Corroboration with government to lower the barrier for the customer to adopt those technologies. ----> enhance both emission and CO2 reduction Mass penetration

23. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Hybrid ＝ Core Technology for Automobile Evolution Around 1900 Gasoline vehicle vehicleSteam EV Core technology HV G-HVCNG-HVD-HV H 2 FC-HV XFC-HVXX-HV 21 st century Around 2000 Core technology ICE HVCNGDieselGasoline

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25. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 End

26. K.Hirose OICA/JAMA Geneva 02/02 Characteristics of HV Systems MildStrong HV StrongHV IdlingStop MildHV Price Higher Fuel Economy IdlingStop Better Idling Stop Regeneration Brake EV Driving Motor Asist