1. Operating Systems

2. Operating Systems Activities performed by the operating system:
Perform common computer hardware functions
Provide a user interface and input/output management
Provide a degree of hardware independence
Manage system memory
Manage processing tasks
Provide networking capability
Control access to system resources
Manage files

3. Operating Systems cont’d
Hardware independence:
Application program interface (API):
Allows applications to make use of the operating system
Memory management:
Allows computer to execute program instructions effectively and to speed processing

4. Operating Systems cont’d

5. User Interfaces User interface and input/output management:
Allows individuals to access and command the computer system
Command-based user interface (CLI):
Requires that text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities
Graphical user interface (GUI):
Uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system

6. Contemporary Operating Systems
Microsoft PC operating systems:
Windows XP
Windows 7
Windows 8
Apple computer operating systems:
Wintel
Mac OS X
Linux:
Red Hat Linux
Caldera OpenLinux

7. Workgroup Operating Systems
Windows Server:
Can be used to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information
UNIX:
Can be used on many computer system types and platforms
Red Hat Linux:
Can manage a cluster of up to eight servers
Mac OS X Server:
Includes support for 64-bit processing

8. Enterprise Operating Systems
z/OS:
IBM’s first 64-bit enterprise OS
HP-UX and Linux:
HP-UX:
Robust UNIX-based OS from Hewlett-Packard
Supports Internet, database, and business applications on server and mainframe enterprise systems

9. MS-DOS 6.22
1994 Last version

10. Windows 8 Command Prompt
Windows 8 Standard-User Command Prompt

11. The Windows Command Prompt is Not MS-DOS
MS-DOS was a small OS
It had no security features
It had a simple CLI and no native GUI
The MS-DOS command interpreter was command.com
The Command Prompt command interpreter is cmd.exe
Command Prompt is subject to Windows security

12. Microsoft Windows GUI on top of MS-DOS
Versions 1.0, 2.0, 3.0
1992 Windows 3.1
1992 Windows for Workgroups Included networking.

13. Microsoft Windows Windows NT 4.0
Entirely new OS with security features Windows NT 3.1Server OS NT 3.5 Server and Workstation NT 4.0 Server and Workstation
Windows NT 4.0

14. Microsoft Windows
1995 Windows 95 Desktop OS with GUI on DOS Improved GUI No local security

15. Microsoft Windows
1998 Windows 98 Desktop OS with GUI on DOS Improved GUI No local security

16. Microsoft Windows Windows ME (Millennium Edition)
2000
Windows ME (Millennium Edition)
Last of the Windows-on-DOS
Targeted to home users
No local security

17. Microsoft Windows 2000 Windows 2000 New GUI on NT kernel
Included local security features

18. Microsoft Windows
2001 Windows XP On NT kernel, but targeted to desktop Very popular for over a decade

19. 2007 Windows Vista Not a successful OS
Microsoft Windows

20. Microsoft Windows
2009 Windows 7 Many improvements Redesigned desktop

21. Modern GUI Start Screen
Microsoft Windows
2012 Windows 8 Two GUIs: Modern and Desktop Supports new hardware
Modern GUI Start Screen

22. UNIX and Linux Operating Systems
UNIX/Linux is a multi-user system
UNIX/Linux is a multitasking system
Can execute more than one program at a time
UNIX/Linux is a portable operating system
Used in many computing environments

23. Apple Mac OS X
2001- Present Proprietary—Only runs on Macs Based on UNIX kernel GUI and optional CLI

24. Linux
1991 Project of Linus Benedict Torvalds Open-source Available in free distributions Optional GUIs

25. Linux can have a GUI
The KDE GUI in Fedora

26. The Unity GUI in Ubuntu

27. Job Management Scheduling Printing
Controls order and time in which programs run.
Scheduling
Printing

28. Task Management Controls focus Allows user to switch between tasks
Required for Multitasking
Controls focus
Allows user to switch between tasks
Current window has focus
Programs have many processes

29. File Management Manages storage of data
Read, write, modify data
Manages storage of data
File system is logical structure on storage device
Formatting writes file system to storage device

30. File Management
File system logical structure
File
Folder/directory

31. Device Management Device driver for each device/OS
Controls hardware devices
Device driver for each device/OS

32. Security
Password-protected authentication

33. 4 key components of an O/S
Process Management (section on processes)
Memory Management (sections on memory allocation and virtual memory)
I/O Management (sections on resources, synchronization, and deadlocks)
File Management (section on file management)