1. Nonverbal Communication COM 372 Theory and Research in Intercultural Communication COM 372 Theory and Research in Intercultural Communication

2. Defining Nonverbal Communication “Messages people send to others that do not contain words, such as messages tsent through body motions; vocal qualities; and the use of time, space, artifacdts, dress, and even smell” (Neuliep, 2006, p. 286) When senders OR receivers give meaning? (That is, when behavior has “meaning potential”) NOTE: Not “sign language” (which is verbal)

3. Relation to Verbal Comm The role of “emblems” “Signs” and “symbols” –Indexical –Iconic –Symbolic Attribution Paralanguage (neither V nor NV!)

4. Relation to Verbal Comm Repetition Substitution Accentuation Compliment Contradict Regulate

5. Functions of NVC Replacing/Amplifying verbal messages Sending uncomfortable messages Impression management Identity management Goals: persuasion, comfort, etc. Clarifying relationships

6. Channels & Issues of NVC Issue #1: Emotion Channels involved –Kinesics Posture Gesture –Emblems –Illustrators –Adaptors –Regulators –Affect Display

7. Channels & Issues of NVC Issue #1: The Question Is facial display of emotion universal? The evidence “Display rules”

8. Issue #2: Contact Cultures: Is it useful to think of, group cultures in terms of “contact” behaviors?

9. Channels & Issues of NVC Issue #2: Contact Cultures Definition: Channels involved –Proxemics Levels of space (Table 1) Territory (primary, secondary, tertiary, national) “Queuing rules” –Oculesics –Haptics –Olfactics –Body angle

10. Space…the final frontier Territory –Primary, secondary, tertiary –Marking your territory –Examples Personal space –ET Hall’s in the zone…

11. Space violations: EVT

12. Background –Arousal Theory: Arousal  Negative Evaluation –Equilibrium Theory: Disequilibrium  Compensation –Both assume violations of expecations will be bad! Main Point –We as individuals, have expectations about interaction with others. These expectations include many things such as physical proximity, speech rate, volume, eye contact and touching. Normally, we are not aware of these expectations until they are violated. These expectations form the focus of the theory. These violations are interpreted on a continuum of valences from bad to good.

13. Main Concepts Expectancies (Expectations –Enduring patterns of anticipated verbal and nonverbal behaviors –Two kinds: predictive & prescriptive Predictive- the degree to which a behavior is regarded as appropriate, desired, or preferred Prescriptive- idealized standards of conduct rather than actual communicative practice –Three sources (Interaction Adaptation Theory): Characteristic behavior of the person (“modal”) Social expectations for the situation Receiver’s desired behavior in the situation

15. Channels & Issues of NVC Issue #3: Time Linear/Cyclical Polychronic/Monochronic Past/Present/Future Formal/Informal “On-time” v. “In time”

16. Issue #4: Silence & Sound Paralinguistics & the problem of “volume” The use & meaning of silence(s) –Basso’s hypothesis –Braithwaite’s extension –Other “silences” On misunderstanding silence & sound

17. Beginning to theorize http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fda G7ULqAo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fda G7ULqAo&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbd1tr Nz9bYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbd1tr Nz9bY

18. –Many views/aspects! –Roland Barthes (Mythologies) 1.Sign = signifier + signified 2.Sign systems (codes) 3.Ideology (sign/semiotic shift, myth) Semiotics