1. NOAA’s Global Ocean Observations for Climate
International Workshop on the POSEIDON Project:
Tropical Ocean Dynamics and Mid-latitudinal
Phenomena in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean
October 22, 2009
Cheju, South Korea
Dr. Sidney Thurston
NOAA Climate Program Office
Office of Climate Observation

2. Presentation Overview
Overview: NOAA’s Office of Climate Observation (OCO)
Resource Sharing Partnerships Are Central to Success
Emerging Indian Ocean Science and IndOOS Implementation
NOAA’s Partnerships With India and Indonesia
Potential US-Korea Collaborative Topics for GAIA and POSEIDON:
Western Equatorial Pacific Time Series Observations
Indonesian ThroughFlow (ITF)
Eastern Indian Ocean in-situ Observations

3. Weather Watches, warnings, floods, hurricanes, Weather Radio...
Ocean Coral reefs, tides, currents, buoys, marine sanctuaries, estuaries, diving, spills
Satellites Real-time imagery, environmental, geostationary and polar satellites
Fisheries Protecting marine mammals, sea turtles, habitats, statistics, economics, enforcement
Climate El Niño & La Niña, global warming, drought, climate prediction, archived weather data, paleoclimatology
Research Environmental labs, air quality, atmospheric processes, climate and human interactions
Coasts Coastal services & products, Great Lakes, coastal zone management
Charting & Navigation Nautical & navigational charts, mapping, remote sensing, safe navigation

4. New NOAA Chief
Climate change is real. It is here, and it is happening now, in our backyards and around the globe. NOAA is committed to helping governments, businesses, and communities manage climate risks, adapt to changing conditions, and reduce the threat of climate change.
Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D.
Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere
Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

5. NOAA’s Office of Climate Observation (OCO)
Ocean Climate Observation Program
Atmospheric Climate Observation Program
Climate Change Data and Detection Program
Arctic Research Program
photo courtesy of MeteoFrance

6. Office of Climate Observation
Mission
Build and sustain a global climate observing system that will respond to the long-term observational requirements of the operational forecast centers, international research programs, and major scientific assessments.
[Today: Focus on the Ocean]

7. Capabilities Required
Global coverage by moored and drifting buoy arrays, profiling floats, tide gauge stations, and ship-based systems.
Continuous satellite missions for sea surface temperature, sea surface height, surface vector wind, ocean color, and sea ice.
Data, assimilation, and modeling subsystems
System management and product delivery

8. The International Plan is in place
GCOS-92:
Initial GOOS
GEOSS Ocean Baseline
UNFCCC Priority
Implement the ocean domain of GCOS-92:
Objective
Tsunami
Additional Drivers
IPY
IOOS,
Regional
GOOS

9. The Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets
Total in situ networks
61%
October 2007
87%
100%
59%
81%
100%
73%
62%
48%
34%
Milestones
Drifters 2005
Argo 2007

10. Relative Contributions to the International
Global Ocean Observing System
15 Countries contribute 95% of the global system

11. Reframing the Ocean Climate Observation Program
Global Average
Sea Level Change
The first 10 years
Ocean Storage
of CO2
World Ocean
Heat Content
The next 10 years
From: Developing Foundation Infrastructure.
To: Delivering Climate Change Information.
Global Average
Sea Surface Temperature
Arctic Sea Ice Extent
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 11 11

12. Climate Information Example: Air-Sea Exchange of Heat and Water
87% of Earth’s rain and snow comes directly from the Ocean
Global Average
Sea Surface Temperature
Rising sea surface temperature
leads to more
evaporation from the ocean
Globally-averaged
Evaporation
Measuring Ocean Temperature and Evaporation with buoys, ships, and satellites
More evaporation from the Ocean
leads to more water in the atmosphere
Deploying a Surface
Drifting Data Buoy
Repairing a Tropical Moored Buoy
Daily Sea Surface Temperature observations from the
Global Ocean Observing System.
NOAA provides 48% of the platforms in this international system.
Ocean Climate Reference Station 12
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 12

13. International Partnerships
are Central
A global system by definition crosses international boundaries.
NOAA’s contributions are managed in cooperation with the Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) -- presently 73 nations.

14. Tropical Moored Buoys TAO/TRITON sustained
PIRATA Extensions implemented
Indian Ocean RAMA being Implemented

15. JAMSTEC-NOAA Partnership

16. ダイポールモードとそのテレコネクションの三角関係
A Schematic Diagram of the IOD Influence
on the Summer Conditions in the Northern Hemisphere
ダイポールモードとそのテレコネクションの三角関係

17. Indian Ocean Climate Science Drivers
Seasonal monsoons
Cyclones and synoptic scale events
Intraseasonal Madden Julian Oscillation ( ENSO, west coast US weather, hurricanes)
Interannual variations: the Indian Ocean Dipole
Decadal variability
Warming trends since the 1970s
Complex ocean circulation
Poorly understood biogeochemistry
Indian Ocean Dipole

18. NOAA’s Collaborative Activities Eastern Indian Ocean Observations
ATLAS Climate & DART Tsunami Moorings
Indonesian Throughflow Monitoring X

19. World Ocean Conference May Manado North Sulawesi "Climate Change Impacts To Oceans and The Role of Oceans To Climate Change"
Capacity Building Workshops
ATLAS Moorings
Education
Shiptime
Jointly Develop InaGOOS and RAMA

20. Sanur Bali Indonesia 6-10 October, 2009
5th DKP-BPPT-NOAA Capacity Building Workshop Theme: Planning For Climate Change in the Coastal and Marine Environment
Demonstrate the Crucial Role of Ocean Observations for Understanding and Predicting climate,
Demonstrate the Societal and Economic Benefits of Delivering Enhanced Ocean Observing System Data for Better Informed Decisions,
Learn Practical Application of a Planning Model for Addressing Impacts from Climate Change in the Coastal and Marine Environment,
Become Familiar with Tools for Assessing Community Resilience, Vulnerability and Risk to Local Communities and Natural Resources,
Learn How to Select and Evaluate Adaptation Measures (Soft and Hard) for Managing Impacts From Climate Change.
Sanur Bali Indonesia
6-10 October, 2009

21. Baruna Jaya ATLAS RAMA Moorings Servicing

22. The Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets
Resource Formula:
Partners provide ship time (~ days)
NOAA provides most equipment

23. Overview Of MoES-NOAA Partnership
Based on Science Drivers & Societal Applications
Broad Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
NOAA-Wide Implementing Arrangements (IA)
Research moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and prediction (RAMA) – OAR/PMEL, Signed April 2008
Climate Model and Ocean Assimilation Analyses for the Indian Ocean Region – OAR/GFDL, Signed September 2008
Climate Monitoring and Prediction System for the South Asian Region – NWS/CPC, Signed September 2008
South Asian Regional Reanalysis (SARR)– CPO/U Md, Signed September 2008
INSAT-3D Satellite Data –NESDIS, To Be Signed
Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Research – OAR/ESRL, Signed Autumn 2009
Frame work for India–US Collaboration On Tropical Cyclone Research– OAR/HRD, Signed Autumn 2009

24. Deployment Plan with Ministry of Earth Sciences for 2009

25. Mahe, Seychelles to Pemba, Mozambique 18-27 Nov 2008
RAMA and ASCLME
2 ATLAS and 4 Argo floats deployed during ASCLME cruise on R/V Fridtjof Nansen
Mahe, Seychelles to Pemba, Mozambique Nov 2008
8°S, 55°E
R/V Fridtjof Nansen
ASCLME Cruise Track
ATLAS
The ASCLME (Agulhas Somali Large Marine Ecosystems) Project conducts research cruises in the western Indian Ocean to fill gaps in our understanding of ecosystem-level processes which affect sustainable management decisions. Nine countries are involved: Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa and Tanzania; ASCLME is a 5 year programme ( ) funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
21 Nov 08

26. KORDI-NOAA Letter of Intent Areas of Cooperation in Ocean Climate:
Equatorial time series observations;
Ocean carbon monitoring and research;
Climate prediction modeling;
Coral paleoclimatology;
Ship-time sharing;
Polar research;
Ocean energy;
Ocean exploration;
Real-time coastal and ocean observations;
Projects of mutual interest involving international organizations and fora;
Visits and exchange of scientists, experts, or personnel; and
Other areas of mutual interests to both organizations

27. KORDI-NOAA Next Steps Together
GAIA Interim Dialogue to develop a new climate change related
observation program for the
Equatorial western Pacific
ITF
Eastern Indian Ocean
Spring 2010 KORDI-NOAA Climate Workshop in Korea to Make
Final Arrangements

28. Summary
The Global Demand for Climate & Ocean Information, Services and Products is Increasing, So Too Is the Demand for Global Ocean Observations for Socio-Economic Applications
Society’s Return on Investment For Ocean Observations is Great for Applications to Climate Forecasting, Natural Hazards Warnings, Weather Prediction, Marine Environment Monitoring
The International GCOS Ocean Plan is 61% Implemented, Much Work Remains-Resource Sharing Partnerships Will Be Critical to Success
NOAA Seeks to Advance Fruitful Collaboration with KORDI and other International Partners

29. Kamsa Hamnida! NOAA Office of Climate Observation (OCO)