1. Current Scenario of Cotton cultivation & its impacts. Dr.R.A.Sherasiya Director of Agriculture Gujarat State, Gandhinagar Venue: CEE,Ahmedabad Date: 6/10/2007

2. General Information Agriculture Total Geographical Area : 196 lakh hectares Net Area Sown: 98.51 lakh hectares Total Cropped Area: 114.21 lakh hectares Agro Climatic Zones: 8 Area under Irrigation in Gujarat Total irrigated area: 41.11 lakh hectares ( 41.73 % against net area sown 98.51 lakh hectares. (2003-04) After completion of major and medium Projects – 64 lakh hectares (64.97% against Net Area Sown 98.51 lakh hectares ) Gujarat Agriculture at a Glance cont.. Source SCR 2003-04

3. Land Utilisation in Gujarat Area in lakh ha. Net Area Sown: 98.51 lakh hectares, Total Cropped Area: 114.21 lakh hectares Net Area Sown

4. Cropping pattern.. Area ( In Lakh Hact) CROP / YEAR2003-042004-052005-062006-07 Actual Estimated Food grains40.3436.6140.4443.61 Oilseeds29.529.7732.8233.35 Cotton16.4119.0620.7723.90 Yr. 2006-07

5. Past scenario Of Cotton in Gujarat state

6. Recent scenario Of Cotton in Gujarat state IN 2002-03, INTRODUCTION OF BT. COTTON

7. Over view of Cotton in Gujarat Considerable area since long Response of new varieties on Area shown Desi  Indo American (50s)  Hybrid (70) Decline in Area in 80s Constant Increase in yield till 90s Hybrid performed well during 90s (356 kg lint/ha in 1997-98) Reduced yield in 2000-01,2001-02, 2002-03 (Boll worm menace) Sudden hike in area & Yield form 2003-04 (Introduction of Bt)

8. N Pre-B.T. 2002-03 Major Cotton growing districts ( Major Cotton growing districts (Area >25000 ha.) Post -B.T. 2007-08 Kutchh Mahesana Jamnagar sabarkantha Rajkot Amreli Surendranagar A’bad Bhavnagar Bharuch Vadodara Kutchh Mahesana Jamnagar sabarkantha Rajkot Amreli Surendranagar A’bad Bhavnagar Bharuch Vadodara Narmada Gandhinagar Juangadh Patan 11 Districts 17 Districts B.K. Kheda

10. Why cotton in Gujarat ? Suitable Soil type & climate Trade, processing & Industrial Support since long Business instincts & Higher adoptability of farmers Crop sustain long dry spell & variable monsoon pattern Better suitable for rain-fed farming (only 33 % irrigation) Better income in adverse condition Lucrative Price Research & Extension support Species suitability for variable climate ( Arid / Semi arid / Mild tropic)

11. Prospect of Cotton depends on.. Tread / Industrial support Price policy & export Sustainable yield Insect / pest infestation Cost of cultivation Irrigation facility Research, Extension & Market support WTO policy Lint quality New technology like Transgenic cotton in field of Biotic and A-biotic Stress.

12. World trade (In M.bale of 170 kg) YearCotton ProductionConsumptionExport 2000-01114.79119.2534.45 2001-02127.48122.2537.65 2002-03114.23127.4339.28 2003-04123.04127.5542.77 2004-05155.85140.7245.23 2005-06144.57148.0352.81  Production is unstable  Consumption & export has increasing trend Source : fas.usda

13. Cotton market prices (Rs.Per quintal) Sr.No.YearSupport price Rs. Market prices Rs. 1.2001-200218401650-1825 2.2002-200318602025-2395 3.2003-200419102239-2900 4.2004-200519601620-2130 5.2005-200619851950-2149 6.2006-200720052150-2500 7.2007-20082055- Unstable price May adversely affect cotton cultivation

14. Cost of cultivation of Cotton Year 2004-05 Increases seed cost but reduce pesticides cost Increases Yield & Increases Net Return

15. Different count group cotton required 100.00 HB, Barb2.00101s-120s8. HB Barb2.0081s-100s7. HH, HB, Barb2.3361s-80s6. Hirs,HH12.9741s-60s5. Hirs,HH26.0531s-40s4. Hirs, HH,ah18.8121s-30s3. HH,Herb, ah19.3011s-20s2. Herb, Arb, aa18.561s-10s1. Present species % cotton required Count group Sl. No. Requirement of lint Current bt. Hybrid have potential to meet 50 -60 % requirement of lint

16.  Dependable crop since long  Increasing world Consumption & export  Better price support  Increasing net return  Catch major quality segment of lint  Increasing Irrigation facilities (SSNL / Farm pond / Water conservation / Micro-irrigation)  Increasing Research / Extension support PROSPECT OF COTTON IN GUJARAT

17. Introduction in 2002-03 STORY OF BT. Cotton Sr. No. Year Varieties in market Gene 12002-033BG-I 22003-043BG-I 32004-054BG-I 42005-0612BG-I & BG-II 52006-0727BG-I, BG-II& Fusion 62007-0872BG-I, BG-II& Fusion

18. Adoption of technology Bt. cotton packets sold in Gujarat Sr. no YearNo. of packets sold 12002-0318587 22003-04103740 32004-05333402 42005-06368812 5656 2006-07 2007-08 (Expectation) 1007442 3478490

19. Impact of Bt. Cotton on Production in Gujarat

20. 1.Insecticide use decline; Miscellaneous insects of minor importance such as bugs would create problems. 2.Reduced pyrethroids: Pink bollworm & Spodoptera likely to re- emerge. H. armigera & whitefly backseat 3.Susceptibility to sucking pests –because of susceptible exotic donor parent !! (Coker 312) 4.Reduction in efforts for conventional breeding approaches for OTHER pest management. 5.Shift in focus; away from research on other pest management methods Indirect consequences of Bt Cotton

21. SWOT analysis of Bt crop Huge investment Increasing area Effective against ball worm Target specific Reduce use of insecticides Lack of location specific Package of Practices Lack of Coordination among various agencies Competition & Lots of variety Lack of proper awareness in public Higher seed prices  > 20 Lakh area under cotton  Innovative & adoptive farmers  Increases area under irrigation  > 20 cotton growing dist.  Can reduce cost of cultivation Development of Resistance in pest Resurgence of minor pest Spurious seed S TRENGTH W EAKNESS O PPORTUNITY T HREATS SUSTAIN OVER COME CAPTUREMITIGATE

22. BY Effective..  Research  Extension  Law enforcement policy  Coordination SUSTAIN OVER COME CAPTURE MITIGATE

23. Bt. Cotton in Gujarat Area of Bt.Hybrid Kharif-07 (13.96 Lakh Ha.) Area of Bt.Hybrid Khari-06 ( 4.03 Lakh ha.) Impact of Bt. + 10 Lakh Ha.