1. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. Basic Real Estate Concepts Learning Objectives Describe the characteristics of real estate  Classes of property  Physical characteristics of land  Economic characteristics of land Describe the concepts of land use and investment  Highest and best use  Land use controls  Investment objectives  Scope of the real estate business  The real estate market

2. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. General Characteristics of Real Estate Real Property  Everything permanently attached to the land  The surface of the earth  Below the surface to the center of the earth and above the surface to the highest heavens  All structures and improvements permanently attached NOTE: “Real Estate”, “Real Property”, and “Realty” are interchangeable and incorporate land, tenements, and hereditaments

3. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. General Characteristics of Real Estate Personal Property – Anything not real property  Vehicles and boats  Jewelry, paintings  Mined minerals or harvested crops/timber NOTE: Some items can be either real or personal property depending upon the circumstances. For example: Which is real property and which is personal property?

4. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. General Characteristics of Real Estate Physical Characteristics of Land  Immobility – Economic value through location  Permanence – The physical permanence of land affects its long-term value  Uniqueness (non-homogeneity) – Each property is unique and not generally substitutable

5. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. General Characteristics of Real Estate Economic Characteristics of Land  Scarcity – There is a limited available supply of land and this supply will not increase  Permanence of investment – the fixity of an investment in real estate in a given area makes it a relatively long-term investment  Location, or situs – in real estate, location is everything

6. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. General Concepts of Land Use and Investment Highest and Best Use  Provides greatest potential net return on investment  Under-improvement or over-improvement diminishes highest & best use  There is only one highest & best use at any given time for any given property  The highest & best use a specific property changes over time  Other considerations: Land use controls External factors such as financing, market trends, etc. Conformity to surrounding properties and local tastes

7. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. General Concepts of Land Use and Investment Public and Private Land Use Restrictions  Public land use controls City planning & zoning State & regional planning Building codes Occupancy requirements Environmental requirements  Private land use controls Restrictive covenants Easements and other restrictions

8. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. General Concepts of Land Use and Investment Real Estate Investment Objectives  Personal use  Long-term appreciation  Tax shelter  Investment leverage  Positive cash flow The emphasis for today's investor is usually either personal use or positive cash flow with appreciation. Historically, real estate investments were primarily used as tax shelters.

9. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. Scope of the Real Estate Business The REALTOR ® - National Association of REALTOR ® (NAR)  REALTOR ® is a registered trademark of the National Association of REALTORS ® (NAR)  NAR is a private trade organization that fosters ethical behavior of it’s members  Not all licensees are REALTORS ® – only active members of NAR may use the term REALTOR ®  NAR’s contributions to the real estate profession include: Code of Ethics Professional Stature Licensing Law efforts Federal Legislation

10. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. Scope of the Real Estate Business The Real Estate Market  Free Market Pricing Buyers and sellers are free to negotiate and establish a price acceptable to both without undue pressure, urgency, or outside influence other than the principle of supply and demand.  Special Characteristics The physical characteristic of immobility results in a market that is slow to reach to changes in supply and demand.

11. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. Scope of the Real Estate Business The Real Estate Market  Supply and Demand The supply and demand for real estate at any one point will determine the price for a particular piece of real property. This assumes that all buyers & sellers are rational and adequately informed.  Historical Trends Just as the economy is subject to peaks and valleys the real estate industry is also subject to recurring periods of recession and prosperity

12. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. Scope of the Real Estate Business The Real Estate Practitioner Provisional Broker – category of license that indicates person has not completed the post-licensing requirements and has restricted work VS. Broker – category of license that indicates person has either completed post-licensing requirements or received license prior to April 1, 2006 VS. Broker-in-Charge (BIC) – has completed the educational and experience requirement necessary to supervise real estate agents

13. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. Scope of the Real Estate Business The Real Estate Practitioner Important Note: Broker or Agent is used interchangeably in the text when NO differentiation is needed Broker and Provisional Broker are used to distinguish two categories of license.

14. © OnCourse Learning. All Rights Reserved. Scope of the Real Estate Business The Real Estate Practitioner… should have a through knowledge Examples:  Property Ownership and Interests  Valuation  Land Use Controls  Fair Housing  Real Estate Terms  Forms