1. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Copyright © 2001 South-Western College Publishing Co. Objectives O U T L I N E Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices 1 9 C H A P T E R

2. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics 1. Define the term “business ethics.” 2. Explain how ethical questions may produce different answers when they’re asked by individuals, by companies and organizations, and by entire societies. 3. Explain how an integrated approach to moral decision making may help. 4.Tell the difference between normative and non-normative judgements. 5.Explain how moral standards are different than other approaches. Learning Objectives

3. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Learning Objectives 6. Explain the differences among the four basic resources for making moral decisions. 7. List the four capacities needed to make moral judgements. 8. Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics.

4. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics DEFINING BUSINESS ETHICS Define the term “business ethics.” Ethics: a field of inquiry, or discipline, in which matters of right and wrong, good and evil, virtue and vice, are systematically examined. Morality: not to a discipline but to patterns of behavior that are actually common in everyday life. Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Three Levels of Inquiry Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices The Individual: concerns by which self- interest is balanced with concerns for fairness and the common good.

5. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics The Organization: concerns the group conscience that every company has as it pursues its economic objectives. The Economy: Concerns the pattern of social, political, and economic forces that drives individuals and businesses, the values that define capitalism, for example. Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Define the term “business ethics.”

6. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Explain how ethical questions may produce different answers. A willingness to seek out and act on reasons - having good reasons for the decisions you make. Requires the decision maker to be impartial. Decision makers will demonstrate a commitment to rationality. Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices THREE VIEWS OF DECISION MAKING The Moral Point of View The Economic Point of View Decisions made on a purely economics basis can be unethical.

7. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Not everything that is immoral is, in fact, illegal. The law is often slow to develop new areas of concern. The law often employs moral concepts which are not precisely defined. The law does not provide specific guidance for behavior in all possible instances. The law is generally seen as an inefficient instrument, inviting expensive legislation and litigation. Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices The Legal Point of View Explain how ethical questions may produce different answers.

8. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Explain how an integrated approach to moral decision making may help. Normative judgements express our values good or bad right or wrong better or worse ought to be or not to be Moral judgements General concepts used to evaluate both group and individual behavior Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices The Nature of Moral Judgements AN INTEGRATED APPROACH A process that integrates morality, economics, and law.

9. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics They Have Serious Consequences to Human Well-Being Their Validity Rests on the Adequacy of the Reasons Which Are Used to Support and Justify Them They Override Self-Interest They Are Based on Impartial Considerations Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Distinguishing Characteristics of Moral Judgements Resources for Decision Making Proposals: suggested actions Explain how moral standards are different than other approaches.

10. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Observations: descriptive statements Value Judgements: normative statements, guiding the actions of others Assumptions: reflecting statements Explain how moral standards are different than other approaches.

11. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Your capacity to impose ethical order on a situation To become aware of an ethical conflict MAKING MORAL JUDGEMENTS Ethical Sensibility Ethical Reasoning To reason carefully about the situation to determine the ethical problem Offers opportunities for a solution Explain the differences among the four basic resources for making moral decisions.

12. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices What to do? Moral courage - standing up for what is right Ethical Conduct Ethical Leadership Ethical examples provided by an organization’s top officials Integrity Explain the differences among the four basic resources for making moral decisions.

13. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics. Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Disclosure To reveal personal or privileged information could be both unethical and illegal. Judgement, common sense, and discretion often form the basis for disclosing information. APPLYING ETHICAL STANDARDS TO BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Oral Communication Oral communication must follow be the same rules that apply to written communication.

14. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Define the term “business ethics.” Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Correspondence To what extent does your correspondence reflect your ethical beliefs? Slogans, Symbols, and Corporate Credos Does the things a company says about it’s products and about itself really mean anything? Evaluation, Promotions, and Rewards Are employees treated fairly, without bias? How are promotions determined? How are rewards dispensed?

15. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Policies In writing? Disseminated? Made clear? Consistent with ethical practices of the industry or business? Interaction with Other Organizations Ethical firms often have specific, well- established policies regarding proprietary information. Interaction with the Government, the Press, and the Public Ethical firms: accountable for government reports and to the media Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics.

16. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices What is an ethical company? corporate credos that define and give direction to corporate values ethics programs where company-wide efforts focus on ethical issues ethical codes that provide specific guidance to employees in functional business areas 29 APPROPRIATE ETHICAL PRACTICES FOR BUSINESS Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics.

17. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics Defining Business Ethics An Integrated Approach Three Views of Decision Making Making Moral Judgements Applying Ethical Standards Appropriate Ethical Practices Individuals and organizations must recognize that positive obligations exist beyond the minimum standards of basic human behavior. Ethical ideals go beyond positive obligations. Ethical ideals inform and inspire the goals that people and organizations of integrity aspire to. Corporate ethical codes are useful in distinguishing between what a company holds itself to as an obligation, and what the company holds for itself as ideals. Obligations Beyond the Minimum Explain how business communication behaviors are related to the study and practice of business ethics.

18. Learning Objective Chapter 19 Values and Ethics The End Copyright © 2000 South-Western College Publishing Co.