1. Faculty of Education Additional Qualifications Summer 2009 Module 01 First Presentation André Samson Ph.D., c.o.

2. Overview of the Presentation 1.History of Career Counselling 1.1Placement Services (1890-1919) 1.2Educational Guidance (1920-1939) 1.3Professional Training of Counsellors (1940-1959) 1.4Organisational Development (1960- 1979) 1.5 Counsellors as Independent Workers (1980-1989) 2.Globalization and Career Counselling 2.1 Knowledge Economy 2.2 Lifelong Career Counselling Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

3. The development of career counselling can be attributed to: Economic Development Transformation of the Workplace Social Changes 1. History of Career Counselling Introduction Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

4. This period in time is characterized by: The industrialisation of North America Urbanization The birth of a new social class 1. History of Career Counselling 1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

5. Frank Parsons Recognized as the «Father of Vocational Guidance» Parsons is best known for his interests in helping individuals make occupational and career choices Educated as an Engineer and a Lawyer Established a placement agency for youth Opened the «Vocations Bureau» in Boston In 1909, he published «Choosing a Vocation» 1. History of Career Counselling 1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

6. Frank Parsons Developed a framework to help individuals decide on a career Pushed to create career counselling programs in schools Introduced psychometric testing to the career counselling field His theories continue to influence career counselling today “It is better to choose a vocation than merely to hunt a job” 1. History of Career Counselling 1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

7. Frank Parsons Parsons’ career counselling principles are: 1. History of Career Counselling 1.1 Placement Services (1890-1919) 3. Relation between the two groups 1. Clear Understanding of Yourself 2. Knowledge of the labour market Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

8. The context of the era: Growing student population Industrialisation requires a workforce that is better educated Urbanization promotes individual development The economy encourages and supports the creation of new occupations 1. History of Career Counselling 1.2 Educational Guidance (1920-1939) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

9. Career Counselling: Is developing in schools The clientele is comprised exclusively of students Emphasis is put on individual counselling Testing is widely utilized The goal is to promote employability The focus is placed on the possibilities of the labour market The priority is to answer to the growing demands of industry 1. History of Career Counselling 1.2 Educational Guidance (1920-1939) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

10. The social context: The end of World War II is driving social development Millions of veterans are now joining the workforce The workforce is becoming more and more complex Graduate Studies are expanding 1. History of Career Counselling 1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors (1940-1959) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

11. Evolution of the counselling profession: Counsellor education programs can now be found in Universities Creation of the first professional organizations Publication of the first scientific journals Social recognition of the role of a career counsellor 1. History of Career Counselling 1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors (1940-1959) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

12. Emergence of a new paradigm: The practice becomes less directive A greater importance is granted to the individual The counsellor acts as more of a facilitator New theories of career choice emerge Parsons’ theory is evolving 1. History of Career Counselling 1.3 Professional Training of Counsellors (1940-1959) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

13. Social context: Emergence of the individual Increasing need to develop as a person The definition of work evolves Work becomes a source of personal gratification Work conditions are improving 1. History of Career Counselling 1.4 Organisational Development (1960- 1979) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

14. Practical Applications of the Profession: Career counsellors can now be found working in organisations Counselling expands to all age groups Development of educational interventions 1. History of Career Counselling 1.4 Organisational Development (1960- 1979) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

15. Social context: Influence of new technologies First industrial restructuring Major job losses Exportation of goods and production Creation of casual work 1. History of Career Counselling 1.5 Counsellors as Independent Workers (1980-1989) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

16. Practical Applications of the Profession: Beginning of career counselling in private practice Development of post-modern approaches Emergence of multicultural counselling Conscious of ethical implications 1. History of Career Counselling 1.5 Counsellors as Independent Workers (1980-1989) Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

17. Emergence of a global economy The collapse of the tariff barriers to trade and the emergence of international economies have contributed to a global economy Both public and private organisations are forced to develop and operate in a growing competitive context This global competition has forced organisations to continually adapt and reinvent themselves Furthermore, technological advances are also playing an important role in this global economy 2. Globalization and Career Counselling Introduction Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

18. Globalization and new technologies require a workforce that is: Qualified Flexible Open to change Able to adapt quickly 2. Globalization and Career Counselling 2.1 Knowledge Economy Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

19. Globalization quickly devalues knowledge acquired in an educational setting This is why the diploma becomes a minimal condition of entry to the workforce It is no longer guaranteed to grant success Employees must expect to change occupations several times throughout their careers Companies are looking for a workforce that is mobile, autonomous and well qualified 2. Globalization and Career Counselling 2.1 Knowledge Economy Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

20. They hire to fill a present need, which is often temporary This explains the growing number of work status’ (seasonal, contract, part-time,...) In conclusion, employees can no longer expect to work for the same company for a long period of time Workers must be prepared to face several successive transitions and continue a lifelong learning process, in order to remain employable 2. Globalization and Career Counselling 2.1 Knowledge Economy Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

21. Lifelong learning Continual learning throughout your career Development of qualifications Acquisition of personal skills Autonomy 2. Globalization and Career Counselling 2.1 Knowledge Economy Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

22. 2. Globalization and Career Counselling « We are living in the future. I’ll tell you how I know. I read about it in the paper fifteen years ago.» John Prime Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009

23. Career counsellors must encourage their clients: To take charge of their careers Define their own norms Help the clients redefine their career plan based on their personal reality This does not mean reorganising the client’s existence solely based on their remunerated work. It is important for the client to also factor in other aspects of their life (family, leisure, volunteering, …) 2. Globalization and Career Counselling 2.2 Lifelong Career Counselling

24. The role of a career counsellor is not only to help the client function within a certain economy The counsellor must primarily help the client define a lifelong career plan that is tailored to the individual’s realities This new role stems from the fact that the new economy no longer provides one permanent stable career Our society is no longer homogeneous It is up to each individual to write and interpret their own life story 2. Globalization and Career Counselling 2.2 Lifelong Career Counselling Additional Qualifications – Summer 2009