1. TelosB Charging and Energy Meter Kit(Dec1201) Group Leader: Tomas Mullins Communicator: Casey Liebl Webmaster: Shiya Liu Team Members: Andrew Gurik & Qiao Huang Advisor : Dr. Daji Qiao www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec1201

2. Problem Statement TelosB Charging/Metering Kit Power from 3 sources Charge AA or AAA Batteries NiMH or Alkaline Monitor Current, Voltage, & Power Deliverables 3 Fully Functional Kits Complete Design and Testing Documentation www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec12012

3. TelosB Wireless Sensor Module Wireless Sensor Module Low Power Low Power For Experimentation/Research For Experimentation/Research Open Source Operating System - TinyOS Open Source Operating System - TinyOS www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec12013

4. Powercast Receiver Remote Wireless Power Remote Wireless Power For Low Power Applications For Low Power Applications 40-45 Foot Range 40-45 Foot Range Maximum 4.2V Maximum 4.2V 100mA 100mA http://www.powercastco.com/products/powerharvester- receivers/ http://www.powercastco.com/products/powerharvester- receivers/ www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec12014

5. Sundance Solar Small Solar Panel Small Solar Panel For Low Power Applications For Low Power Applications 4V produced by solar panels 4V produced by solar panels 3.5V output after protection diode 3.5V output after protection diode www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec12015

6. Batteries NiMH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) NiMH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) 1.2 Volts per Cell 1.2 Volts per Cell Charges at 1.4 Volts Charges at 1.4 Volts Alkaline Alkaline 1.5 Volts per Cell 1.5 Volts per Cell Charges at 1.65 Volts Charges at 1.65 Volts www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec12016

7. Big Picture www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec12017

8. Users & Uses iCube Sensors Lab iCube Sensors Lab EE 423: Communication Systems Laboratory EE 423: Communication Systems Laboratory CprE 546: Wireless and Sensor Networks CprE 546: Wireless and Sensor Networks CprE 454/ComS 554: Distributed and Network Operating Systems CprE 454/ComS 554: Distributed and Network Operating Systems For Research of Energy Replenishment for Wireless Sensor Networks For Research of Energy Replenishment for Wireless Sensor Networks www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec12018

9. Requirements The entire system must keep power consumption to a minimum The entire system must keep power consumption to a minimum The device must be able to receive inputs from USB, a Sundance Solar charger, or a Powercast Receiver The device must be able to receive inputs from USB, a Sundance Solar charger, or a Powercast Receiver Must sample power usage every 0.1 seconds Must sample power usage every 0.1 seconds A computer must display the real time data points and store the data A computer must display the real time data points and store the data At least an 8 bit ADC resolution on voltage measurements 0-3 Volts At least an 8 bit ADC resolution on voltage measurements 0-3 Volts Output the readings to the TelosB device or PC via USB Output the readings to the TelosB device or PC via USB The size of the device must be limited to 2 AA plus 2 AAA batteries and about 1 inch tall The system should be neatly integrated The device could have a sturdy packaging solution FunctionalNon-functional www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec12019

10. Additional Information Constraints: Production costs ($500 max for three devices at $100 per unit) Production costs ($500 max for three devices at $100 per unit) Time: Device must be working by December 2012 Time: Device must be working by December 2012 Potential Risks: Power Consumption Power Consumption Over-charging Batteries Over-charging Batteries Over-voltage on TelosB Over-voltage on TelosB Battery life of removable batteries Battery life of removable batteries Market Research: The market has many options for wireless sensors with a charging kit. Many of these devices do not have metering kits for voltage, current and power. The market has many options for wireless sensors with a charging kit. Many of these devices do not have metering kits for voltage, current and power. www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120110

11. Design Decomposition TelosB Charging & Metering Kit Charging Smart Charger Batteries Provides Power Metering Measures Voltage via ADC Calculates Current Calculates Power Microcontroller ADC Controls Circuit Reports via USB Regulator Maintain Voltage Protection OverchargingOvervoltageBack Current www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120111

12. Functional Block Diagram www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120112

13. Circuit Diagram www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120113

14. Microcontroller Justifications www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120114 MSP430 Pros Low Power Consumption USB Interface Small Size Inexpensive Cons Expensive Test Board QFN Package PIC Pros Low Power Consumption USB Interface DIP Package Cons Larger Size Slightly More Expensive Arduino Pros User Friendly Powerful System USB Interface Cons Higher Power Consumption Expensive Complex System Large Size

15. Diode Justifications www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120115 Traditional Pros Inexpensive Low Leakage Current Cons High Voltage Drop Germanium Pros Low Voltage Drop Cons Expensive Difficult to Find Temperature Sensitive High Leakage Current Schottky Pros Low Voltage Drop Cons Expensive Higher Leakage Current

16. Regulator Justifications www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120116 Diode Pros Inexpensive Simple Cons High Power Consumption LM317 Pros Easy to Implement Provides overvoltage protection Good Voltage Control Cons Expensive

17. Regulator Testing www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120117

18. Cost DESCRIPTIONQTY UNIT PRICE TOTAL PRICE Schottky Diode 103.3633.60 USB connector 31.484.44 Battery chassis 30.942.82 PIC microcontroller 32.88.4 TOTAL COST 49.26 www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120118 *All other parts available from the Electronics Shop

19. Hours Consumed for Spring Semester NameTotal Hours Tomas Mullins28 Casey Liebl27 Qiao Huang27 Andrew Gurik30 Shiya Liu28 www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120119

20. Implementation Plan www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120120

21. Schedule www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120121

22. Questions? www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec1201

23. Scenario A : Power Source Connected, Charging Batteries, Reporting to TelosB www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120123

24. Scenario B : Power Source Connected, Charging Batteries, Reporting to PC www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120124

25. Scenario C : Power Source Connected, Not Charging Batteries, Reporting to TelosB www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120125

26. Scenario D : Power Source Connected, Not Charging Batteries, Reporting to PC www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120126

27. Scenario E : No Power Source Connected, Reporting to TelosB www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120127

28. Microcontroller Power Comparison www.seniord.ece.iastate.edu/dec120128 Implementation Currents Device Current (mA) TelosB Duty Cycle: 1% 10% 50% 100% uController Duty Cycle: 10%50% 100% 10%50% 100% 10%50% 100% 10%50% 100% PIC 0.3350.7781.3332.2962.7403.29511.01411.45812.01321.91222.35522.910 MSP4300.2750.4810.7382.2372.4422.70010.95511.16011.41821.85222.05822.315 Difference:0.0600.2980.5950.0600.2980.5950.0600.2980.5950.0600.2980.595 2600mAh Lifetime - AA NiMH Device Lifetime (days) TelosB Duty Cycle: 1% 10% 50% 100% uController Duty Cycle: 10%50% 100% 10%50% 100% 10%50% 100% 10%50% 100% PIC 324139814740331099555 MSP430 39422514748444010 9555 Difference:-70.249-86.135-65.516-1.260-4.818-7.247-0.054-0.252-0.470-0.014-0.065-0.126 Current consumption: Battery Life: http://www.ti.com/mcu/docs/mcuorphan.tsp?contentId=61835&DCMP=MSP430&HQS=Other%2bOT%2bulp