1. The Immune System By: Claire Siefkes, Brenda Gomez, Makenna Palmer, Skyler Humbyrd

2. What is it? ●The immune system- the body’s defense against infectious organisms ●Many biological structures that protect against disease ●Made up of non-specialised defenses ●Also made of specialised defenses ●White blood cells are also knowns as leukocytes -Found in thymus spleen and bone marrow -There are two types * Phagocytes * Lymphocytes

3. Parts of the Immune System ●Divided into two parts -Innate system *First way of protection is your skin *Then there’s your nose and mouth -lined with mucous membranes *Fluids are produced in your body *Saliva is produced in your mouth

4. Parts of the Immune System -Immunity * second line of defense - white blood cells -chemicals released by your body *activation of lymphocytes

5. How the Immune System Works ● White blood cells travel in bloodstream -Caused by bacteria viruses -neutrophils engulf bacteria destroy with special chemicals -eosinophils and monocytes work swallowing foreign particles ●Basophils help inflammation -inflammation is part of body’s immune response -damage to tissues releases chemicals into body - these chemicals cause blood vessels to leak -attract neutrophils and monocytes to protect against bacterial infection

6. How the Immune system works ● Lymphocytes have different functions - Attack viruses - Make antibodies destroy bacteria ● Lymphocytes divided into T and B cells - Bone marrow tissue - Contain stem cells create T and B cells - B cells mature in bone marrow - T cells mature in thymus - Responsible for developing immunity to bacteria ● B cells produce antibodies - Identify a molecule as being foreign - T cells attack invading organisms

7. Diseases-Type 1 Diabetes What is Diabetes? ●The body no longer produces insulin ○ Insulin is a hormone needed to allow sugar to enter cells ●The body attacks and destroys the cells where insulin is made ●Causes elevated levels of sugar in blood Symptoms: ●Increased thirst, extreme hunger, unintended weight loss, mood changes, and blurred vision Treatments: ●Taking insulin, frequent blood sugar monitoring, eating healthy, and exercising regularly.

8. Diseases-HIV What is HIV? ●HIV infects cells of the immune system ●Attacks and destroys the T-Cells ○ Which are crucial to the immune system and response ●HIV duplicates and kills the good T-Cells ●The lower the T-Cell amounts go, the less able you are to fight infection ○ Soon HIV turns into AIDS Symptoms: ●Fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes (commonly the first sign of HIV), weight loss, shortness of breath Treatments: ●NNRTIs, NRTIs, PIs, Entry inhibitors

9. Weakening your immune system ●Youre short of sleep ●You don't exercise ●Always stressed ●diet ●loneliness

10. Interesting facts about your immune system ●Getting under 5 hours a sleep a night has been shown to depress immune function ●Too much sun can distress the immune system ●As you age your body’s immune system gets stronger ●At least once a day your immune system destroys a cell that would have become cancer ●Fevers and inflammation are good things when you're sick

11. Sources ● http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html (slide 2) http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html ● http://patient.info/health/the-immune-system (slide 3) http://patient.info/health/the-immune-system ● http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/ (slide 4) http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/ ● http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-1/ (slide 4) http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-1/ ● http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/symptoms/con-20019573 (slide 4) http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/symptoms/con-20019573 ● http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/definition/con-20019573 (slide 4) http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/definition/con-20019573 ● http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/whoami/findoutmore/yourbody/whatdoesyourimmunesystemdo/whatisaids/howdoeshiva ffectthebody.aspx (slide 5) http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/whoami/findoutmore/yourbody/whatdoesyourimmunesystemdo/whatisaids/howdoeshiva ffectthebody.aspx ● http://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/how-hiv-affects-the-body (slide 5) http://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/how-hiv-affects-the-body ● http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/basics/symptoms/con-20013732 (slide 5) http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/basics/symptoms/con-20013732 ●Biology Textbook