1.
Growth and Expansion

2. Economic Growth Essential Question:
What effects did the Industrial Revolution have on the U.S. economy?

3. The Growth of Industry
Mid 1700s – the way goods were made in Great Britain began to change
Goods began to be made in mills and factories
People left home to earn money
***Industrial Revolution***

5. The Growth of Industry
Characteristics of New England that led to the Industrial Revolution
Poor soil made farming difficult
Had plenty of streams and rivers for water power
Close to natural resources (coal and iron in Pennsylvania)
Many ports for raw materials to be shipped into

6. Water Power

7. New Technology Leads to Industrial Revolution
Individual
Eli Whitney
Contribution
Cotton Gin (1793)
Characteristics
Removed seeds from cotton quickly and efficiently
Used interchangeable parts
Effects
Interchangeable parts allowed for production on a large scale
Reduced the price of goods

8. New Technology Leads to Industrial Revolution
Individual
Samuel Slater
Contribution
Duplicated British machines that made cotton thread
Characteristics
Pawtuckett, RI
Company made cotton thread that women in their homes then sewed into cloth
Effects
Marked an important step in the Industrial Revolution in the United States

9. New Technology Leads to Industrial Revolution
Individual
Francis Cabot Lowell
Contribution
Factory System (1814)
Characteristics
All stages of cloth making were performed under one roof
Effects
Increases efficiency
Lowers cost

10. Free Enterprise
Industrial growth requires an economic system that allows competition to flourish with little government interference
Capitalism: Individuals put their capital (money) into a business hoping the business will make a profit
Free enterprise: People are free to buy, sell and produce whatever they want
Competition
Profit
Private Property
Economic Freedom

11. Agriculture Expands
Agriculture is still the country’s leading economic activity
Small farms in the North, large plantations using slave labor in the South
Agriculture in west is expanding as well

12. Economic Independence
Growth of factories and trade led to development of corporations (large businesses)
Cities sprung up near waterways for easy transportation of goods
Buildings made of wood or brick
Unpaved streets with animals wandering
No sewers = high risk of disease
Fire
Jobs and attractions outweigh risks of living in the city

13. Reading in Text Book
Page

14. Making Connections
How did inventions like the cotton gin and interchangeable parts revolutionize the textile industry?
Answer the Essential Question: What effects did the Industrial Revolution have on the United States economy?

15. Personal Writing
It is 1830, and you have just moved to New York City. Write a letter to your friends back on the farm describing what your new life is like. Be sure to make comparisons about the two different life styles within your letter. (Use at least 12 sentences).

16. Westward Bound Essential Question:
How did land and water transportation affect Westward Expansion?

17. Moving West Population explodes and people move west
Transportation routes such as roads improved as settlers moved west
Difficult journey – 363 mile trip from NYC to Buffalo could take three weeks

18. Road Travel Turnpikes (toll roads) Base of crushed stone Muddy!
One national road built from Maryland to Illinois as a military necessity

19. River Travel Boats could carry larger loads than wagons Obstacles
Needed goods to travel east to west while most rivers run north to south
Difficult to travel upstream
Steamboat developed: Powerful engine that could move goods upstream

20. Canal Travel (Erie Canal)
Wanted to link Albany to Buffalo, NY
DeWitt Clinton
363 miles long
Thousands of laborers (mainly Irish immigrants) faced harsh conditions while building
Lock system provided a way to raise and lower boats at places where canal levels changed

21. The Erie Canal
***The success of the Erie Canal led to an explosion in canal building. By 1850, the United States had more than 3,600 miles of canals. Canals lowered the cost of shipping goods and brought prosperity to the towns along their routes. Perhaps most important, they linked regions of a growing country.***

22. The Erie Canal

28. Western Settlement
Americans continued to move westward, settling near rivers so they could ship their goods to markets
As population grew, new states were created
(Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio)
(Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi, Alabama, Missouri)
Life in the west did not include conveniences of Eastern town life

29. Making Connections What were the benefits of canal travel?
Answer the Essential Question: How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion?

30. Unity and Sectionalism
Essential Question:
What issues divided the country at the end of the Era of Good Feelings?

31. The Era of Good Feelings
After the War of 1812, a new spirit of nationalism spread throughout the US
Federalist Party faded out
Republican James Monroe wins election of 1816
Extremely dignified and well liked
Nation was united and free of political strife

32. Sectionalism
Regional differences brought an end to the Era of Good Feelings
Americans thought of themselves as Northerners, Southerners and Westerners
Disagreed over issues of
Slavery
Tariffs
National bank
Internal improvements (roads and canals)

33. Sectionalism John C. Calhoun Planter from South Carolina
Opposed national programs
Supported state sovereignty
Opposed high tariffs (raised prices on manufactured goods the South could not produce themselves)

34. Sectionalism Daniel Webster Massachusetts Senator
Favored Tariff of 1816 (Protected American industry from foreign competition)
Defended the nation as a whole against sectional interests

35. Sectionalism Henry Clay War Hawk during War of 1812
Speaker of the House of Representatives
Represented interests of Western States
Tried to resolve sectional disputes

36. The Missouri Compromise
Issue: Whether or not to allow slavery in new states that joined the union
Henry Clay’s Missouri Compromise: States admitted to the Union north of the
’ N parallel would be free states
Also included the American System
Protective tariff
A program of internal improvements
National bank (Second National Bank of the United States)
Many Southerners did not approve of Clay’s system

38. McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)
State of Maryland imposed a tax on the Second National Bank of the US
Issue goes to the Supreme Court
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the bank
***Strengthened the power of the federal government***

39. Gibbons vs. Ogden
Established that states could not make laws that would interfere with Congressional power over interstate commerce (between states)
Increased federal power at the expense of state power

40. Making Connections
Describe the overall feeling in the U.S. after the War of 1812.
Essential Question: What issues divided the country at the end of the Era of Good Feelings?

41. Foreign Affairs Essential Question:
How did the United States define its role in foreign affairs in the early 1800s?

42. Relations with Britain
1818 – Set the boundary of the Louisiana Territory between U.S. and Canada at the 49th parallel
Each country agreed to maintain its border without armed forces

43. Relations with Spain
US claimed West Florida as part of the Louisiana Purchase
Spain objected but took no actions
Andrew Jackson took two Spanish forts in East Florida to stop Seminole raids in America
Adams – Onis Treaty: US gains East Florida in 1819

44. Monroe Doctrine
Facing threat from European countries helping Spain to regain its North and South American holdings, James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine (1823)
US would not interfere with any existing European colonies in the Americas
Stated North and South American would not be considered as subjects for future colonization

45. Making Connections Why was the Monroe Doctrine issued?
Answer the Essential Question: How did the US define its role in foreign affairs in the early 1800s?