1. Use of the administrative data in Population Censuses Libourne, 4 - 7 June 2007 Kaija Ruotsalainen, Statistics Finland

2. 7.6.2007B 2 Content 1 Administrative data and registers as sources of statistics Advantages and disadvantages of register-based statistics production 2 Use of register data in statistics compilation Ways of utilising registers Defining the families Definition the main type of activity 3 Data quality 4 New statistics made possible by the use of registers

3. 7.6.2007B 3 Advantages of register-based statistics production Total data can be produced annually Lower costs (1980 Finnish Census cost EUR 34 million, 2000 Census EUR 840 000. Because of the identifying codes it is possible to compile the flow- statistics Possibility to produce more data (for instance multiple activities) Possibility to link with other material No subjective opinions => All the cases are handled in the same way No additional burden to respondents Fewer personal problems Confidentiality advantages

4. 7.6.2007B 4 Disadvantages of register-based statistics production Dependence on data suppliers An amendment in legislation or other administrative change can cause changes to the data content of the register Changes in data suppliers’ information system can bring problems, at least delays from the normal production rate The coverage of registers may be defective for some data, although the register itself would contain all the units Consistency problems may arise when linking information from different registers All the information that previously used to ask on census forms not exist in the register

5. 7.6.2007B 5 Use of register data in statistics compilation Register data are utilised primarily in two different ways: 1) Obtain the information directly from the register e.g. person’s demographic data (age, gender, marital status, citizenship) or income data 2) Another way is to form new variables with the so-called register estimation method

6. 7.6.2007B 6 The register estimation Bases on different information in several registers The aim is to estimate for each statistical unit the value of the target variable as close to the statistical concept and definition as possible This is done by using all the existing data available and a set of decision rules to estimate the value of the statistical variable

7. 7.6.2007B 7 The register estimation The sources: partial coverage overlapping different degrees of quality supplement each others The definition takes place in steps The sequence of the steps is based on three principles: international definitions quality of administrative sources other reasons

8. 7.6.2007B 8 Examples of using register data in statistics compilation defining the families defining the person’s main type of activity

9. 7.6.2007B 9 Definition of family (1) A family consists of a married, cohabiting or registered couple and their children living together; or either of the parents and his or her children living together; or a married, cohabiting or registered couple without children. Persons living in the household-dwelling unit who are not members of the nuclear family are not included in the family population, even if they are related, unless they form their own family. Brothers and sisters or cousins living together are not a family and do not belong to the family population. The same applies to people who live alone.

10. 7.6.2007B 10 Definition of family (2) Families living in residential homes are included in the family population. In contrast, persons who live in institutions are not included. A family can consist of no more than two successive generations. If the household-dwelling unit comprises more than two generations, the family is formed starting from the youngest generation. This means, for example, that a mother-in-law or father-in-law living with their child's family will not be included in the family population unless they live together with their spouse, in which case the old couple form their own family.

11. 7.6.2007B 11 Definition of child In the family statistics children comprise the following persons living with their parents: biological children adopted children and biological children and adopted children of one of the spouses Foster children and children in the care of the family are not classified as children.

12. 7.6.2007B 12 Computerised forming of families (1) Population is sorted by domicile code (DC). DC (23 digits) identifies a dwelling 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 APerson 1 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 APerson 2 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 APerson 3 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 APerson 4 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 APerson 5 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 APerson 6 004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 APerson 1 004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 APerson 2 004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 APerson 3 004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A002 APerson 1 etc. 992 111 0111 0001 1 019 A020 APerson 1 Household 1 Household 2 Household 3 Household N Municipality Building Entrance & flat Flat divider Real estate Check code Village Block

13. 7.6.2007B 13 Computerised forming of families (2) The computer program inserts into a table the inhabitants of one household-dwelling unit. The record of each person includes the personal identification codes (PIN) of his or her parents, married spouse and all born and adopted children. The computer program forms families by comparing the PINs of the persons living permanently in the same household-dwelling unit.

14. 7.6.2007B 14 Computerised forming of families (3) Household 1: 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 AGrandfather 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 AGrandmother 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 ASon 1 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 ASon 2 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 AHis wife 004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 ATheir child Household 2: 004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 AHusband 004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 AWife 004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 AHer mother Family 2 Family 1 Not a family member

15. 7.6.2007B 15 Computerised forming of families (4) After forming a possible married family the program identifies as a cohabiting couple a man and woman living together in the same dwelling if: - both are aged 18 or over - their age difference is less than 16 years - they are not siblings The program also identifies reconstituted families by comparing the PINs of the children and parents of each person in the same dwelling.

16. 7.6.2007B 16 Definition of the main type of activity Labour force employed unemployed Persons outside the labour force 0-14-year olds students conscripts pensioners other persons outside the labour force

17. 7.6.2007B 17 Defining the main type of activity (1) A cross-sectional data for the last week of the year The validity of the data in the last week of the year is not totally certain for all data Nearly 30 different registers are used The classified population diminishes after each category until all the persons have been classified to some group

18. 7.6.2007B 18 Defining the main type of activity (2) The decision rules were formed by utilising the parallel statistics of the 1985 Census for testing the decision in different ways and in different order The aim was to come up with such decision rules that 1) the numbers of persons in different groups would be as close as possible to the data in the questionnaire-based census 2) the proportion of those belonging to the same group would be as high as possible

19. 7.6.2007B 19 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEP 1 All persons under fifteen year of age 0-14-year-olds => 17.5 % of the population (in 2004)

20. 7.6.2007B 20 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEP 2 All persons over 74 years 7.3 % of the population (in 2004) Pensioners =>

21. 7.6.2007B 21 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEP 3 All those who according to the Ministry of Labour's register on job applicants were unemployed the last weekday of the year 5.7 % of the population (in 2004) Unemployed =>

22. 7.6.2007B 22 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEP 4 All those who were on their military service or non-military service during the last week of the year 0.3 % of the population (in 2004 ) Conscripts =>

23. 7.6.2007B 23 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEPS 5 - 7 Persons who have only a valid self- employment pension’s insurance during the last week of the year (4.1 % ) Persons who have both a valid self- employment pension’s insurance and employment pension insurance (employee relationship) and whose entrepreneurial income is larger than earned income (0.2 %) Persons who according to registers do not have a valid employment relationship but whose entrepreneurial income is higher than EUR 810 and larger than earned income and the person is not retired (0.2 %) Entrepreneurs =>

24. 7.6.2007B 24 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEPS 8 - 9 Persons who have a valid employment pension insurance and who have earned income (37.8 %) Persons who do not have employment relationship data but who are employed with labour policy measures (0.1 %) Employees =>

25. 7.6.2007B 25 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEPS 10 - 13 Persons who according to the student register study full-time in the autumn term (6.0 %) Those 15-year-olds who were not classified into any other group at earlier stages (1.1 %) Persons in labour market training in the last week of the year (0.3 %) Persons who have received study aid either in the autumn term or both in the spring and autumn terms (0.2 % ) Students =>

26. 7.6.2007B 26 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEPS 14 - 15 Persons who at the turn of the year receive old-age, disability, unemployment or special farmers’ pension (14.8 % ) All those whose pension is higher than their income from work and above EUR 580 and the pension is not a survivor's pension or part-time pension (0.2 %) => Pensioners

27. 7.6.2007B 27 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEP 16 Persons whose earned income is higher than entrepreneurial income and over EUR 5600 per year and who were not classified into any other group at earlier stages 0,8 % of the population (in 2004) => Employees

28. 7.6.2007B 28 Defining the main type of activity (cont.) STEP 17 Persons who do not meet any of the above criteria 3.4 % of the population (in 2004) => Other persons outside the labour force

29. 7.6.2007B 29 Data quality Municipal pilot study based on 1980 Population Census Register-based statistics in connection with 1985 census Evaluation study of the 1990 census Continuous quality assessment Labour force survey as reference material Two purposes:  monitoring of the level of the results  monitoring of the extent to which the methods produce data classified in the same manner

30. 7.6.2007B 30 Monitoring of the extent to which the methods produce data classified in the same manner to identify errors in data processing to identify situations requiring a change in decision rules to check the level of results

31. 7.6.2007B 31 Main type of activity of the population according to the registers and questionnaire in 1985 census (percentages)

32. 7.6.2007B 32 Main type of activity of the population according to the register based census and evaluation study 1990 (percentages)

33. 7.6.2007B 33 Main type of activity by questionnaire and by register 1985

34. 7.6.2007B 34 Main type of activity by questionnaire and by register 1990

35. 7.6.2007B 35 Employed according to the Labour Force Survey and Register-based Employment Statistics 1989-2003

36. 7.6.2007B 36 Persons according to the Register-based Employment Statistics (RES) and Labour Force Survey (LFS) on December 2002 (persons)

37. 7.6.2007B 37 Persons according to the Register-based Employment Statistics (RES) and Labour Force Survey (LFS) on December 2002 (percentages)

38. 7.6.2007B 38 Unemployed according to the LFS and the RES 1989-2003

39. 7.6.2007B 39 Unemployed according to the RES and LFS in December 2002 Unemployed in RES 886 Unemployed in LFS 489 Unemployed in both statistics: 345 Of which in LFS: Employed 118 Students 15 Pensioners 33 Others 187 Non response 188 Of which in RES: Employed 39 Students 66 Pensioners 4 Others 35 Target population: LFS sample in December 2002, 12 497 persons

40. 7.6.2007B 40 Use of interview survey data with data from administrative sources (1) The role of register data sampling primary data collection editing and imputing weighting quality control Basic principles informed consent ethics

41. 7.6.2007B 41 Use of interview survey data with data from administrative sources (2) long traditions especially demographic data and income data Why? need for data of high quality request for cost effectiveness risk of growing non-response

42. 7.6.2007B 42 New statistics made possible by the use of registers For instance: Flow statistics employment flows student flows flows between branches of industry etc. Placement statistics Longitudinal researches

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46. 7.6.2007B 46 Employment rate of persons graduated of healthcare in the first stage of tertiary education (nurses, midwives, laboratorian etc.) in 1989-2003 by year of graduation

47. 7.6.2007B 47 History of Employment 1950,1970,75,80,85,87-2004 Unem- ployed Pensioners Students Housework Children Industry Level of ed. Field of ed. Deaths and the history of different activities Deaths 1971-2005 by causes of death Immigr. Births Occupation Socio/econ Incomes Completed educ. Family background Region Income level

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50. 7.6.2007B 50 More information http://www.stat.fi/censusbyregisters