1. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva First look at data compression Konstantin Androsov – INFN Pisa & University of Siena Massimo Minuti – INFN Pisa Fabrizio Palla – INFN Pisa Stamatios Poulios - INFN Pisa & University of Siena

2. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Introduction (1/2) Target: CMS pixel detector Hit rate estimation for inner barrel layer at 140 Pile-Up is about 2 GHz/cm2 Expected high readout rate (~ 4.8 Gbits/s per chip for 1MHz trigger rate) 2.4 Gbits/s max bandwidth per chip (2 E-links) 2 First look at data compression

3. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Introduction (2/2) An efficient transfer protocol should be developed to collect all measurements and ensure good detector performance Lossless compression with decreased output rate to reduce the usage of links For 1 MHz L1 trigger accept rate and 320 MHz working clock: 320 clock cycles available!!! First look at data compression 3 Before After   Raw data Links Compressed Data Links

4. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Simulation BPIX Layer1: 3.0 cm, abs(z) < 26 cm Cell geometry: 25(bending)x100(beam)x150(thickness) μm 3 1 module = 1x4 chips Number of columns per module (chip) : 648 (162) Number of rows per module (chip) : 648 (648) Digitizer threshold: 1500 electrons Total number of simulated events: 50 Used 5bit ADC for 560 electrons per ADC count. First look at data compression 4 SIM results provided by E. Migliore.

5. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Pixel distributions 5 Number of active pixels per chip Number of clusters per chip Number of pixels per cluster First look at data compression

6. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Readout format Using readout format proposed in the draft of Phase 2 pixel system and read-out chip Default hit data representation: (30 bits/pixel) Pixel 1 24 bit Address 5 bit ADC 1 bit flag Event header 32-bit Event trailer 32-bit Hit data … Event size, check sum, status/error flag,…BX-id, event ID, chip address, status Pixel 2Pixel N … 6 First look at data compression

7. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Default representation Expected (Optimal encoding) Results (No compression) big tails… 7 First look at data compression

8. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Characteristic distribution 8 Pixel XPixel Y Active ADC First look at data compression

9. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Arithmetic compression 2 approaches Single pixel representation (without zero suppression) Delta representation (zero suppressed data) Arithmetic encoding is a form of entropy encoding used in lossless data compression 00.360.540.6 0 0.91 abc 0.540.5760.5940.6 0.5760.58680.59220.594 a c b Example: P(a)=0.6 P(b)=0.3 P(c)=0.1 Phrase: “acb” 9 First look at data compression

10. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Arithmetic Compressor – HDL implementation clk en start letter read_letter end_bit start_bit bitvalid mem_add mem_datain mem_sel mem_wen reg_add reg_data reg_wen Encoding Logic Symbol Prob. Memory Configuration & Status Registers -) 32-bit Arithmetic Encoding Logic; -) 2 X 32 X 4 bytes symbol Mem.; -) Configuration & Status regs; dataout 10 First look at data compression FIFO_empty

11. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Synthesis/Simulation results 11 First look at data compression

12. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Single pixel representation x y tails are reduced Bits per chip per event Average is close to the expected with an optimal encoding 12 First look at data compression

13. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Delta representation Sending (  x=x n -x n-1,  y=y n -y n-1, adc) for each pixel Position entropy depends on pixel ordering: Pixel ordering H  xH  y H pixel position By columns5.461.677.13 By arrival6.703.019.71 By rows2.253.705.95 Encoding column by column Encoding in horizontal direction by pixel arrival Encoding row by row 13 Bits per chip per event (ordering by rows) First look at data compression

14. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Delta Representation (ordering by rows) x y FIFO col 0 FIFO col 1 FIFO col 2 FIFO col 3 (x1, adc1) (x2, adc2) (x3, adc3) (x2, adc4) FIFO row x1 FIFO row x2 FIFO row x3 (x1, y0, adc1) (x2, y0, adc2) (x2, y2, adc4) (x3, y2, adc3)  x encoder  y encoder ADC encoder Package data 14 First look at data compression

15. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Conclusions and next steps 15 First look at data compression

16. Phase 2 pixel electronics 21 May 2015 – CERN, Geneva Thank you ! First look at data compression 16 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n o 317446