1. Christian Evidences Conference Dr. John Oakes, June 14, 2009 Jesus in the Old Testament

2. This Weekend: Is the Jesus of the New Testament the Jesus of history?

3. Acts Chapter Two: · Jesus fulfilled the messianic prophecies, therefore he is Messiah · Jesus worked miracles, therefore he is Lord · Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead, therefore he is savior · Repent and be baptized. Our Outline: Messianic Prophecies Types, Prefigures and Foreshadows

4. He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms. Luke 24:44 Messianic Prophecies

5. Question #1: How do I know these prophecies really were written down hundreds of years before the events?  Septuagint translation of the Old Testament into Greek 220-150 BC  Dead Sea Scrolls.250-50 BC

6. Qumran Cave #4

7. Column I The Great Qumran Isaiah Scroll 150 BC

8.  Josephus: “When Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men among us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him… And the tribe of Christians so named from him are not extinct to this day.”  Cornelius Tacitus: “Hence, to suppress the rumor, [Nero] falsely charged with the guilt and punished with the most exquisite tortures, the persons commonly called Christians, who were hated for their enormities. Christus, the founder of the name, was put to death by Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea in the reign of Tiberius…  Jewish Talmud “On the eve of the Passover they hanged Yeshu and the herald went before him for forty days saying Yeshu… has practiced sorcery and beguiled and led astray Israel.

9. Tiberius Pontius Pilatus Procutator of Judea

10. Question #3 Are these, in fact, prophecies of the Messiah? (or are we taking them out of context) Hint: If the Jews themselves acknowledged them to be messianic, that is very strong evidence.

11.  Question #4 Could Jesus, planning on deceiving the people into believing he was the Messiah, have read the Old Testament and tried to fulfill all the prophecies?

12. 12/18/2001Israel 1999 Expedition Fortress Antonia – Where Jesus was condemned

13. Deceitfully fulfilling the messianic prophecies: a bad plan!

15. Isaiah 53:1-13: He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows, familiar with suffering. (v. 3) But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed. (v. 5) (John 19:31-37) He was oppressed and afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; he was led like a lamb to the slaughter and as a sheep before her shearers is silent, so he did not open his mouth. (v. 7)

17. Micah 5:2 But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from old, from ancient times. Isaiah 9:1,6 In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the Gentiles, by the way of the sea, along the Jordan…. For to us a child is born… And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

20. Psalm 22:16-18 Dogs have surrounded me; a band of evil men have encircled me, they have pierced my hands and my feet. I can count all my bones; (John 19:31-37) people stare and gloat over me. They divide my garments among them and cast lots for my clothing. (John 19:23,24)

22. Zechariah 11:12,13 I told them, “If you think it best, give me my pay; but if not, keep it.” so they paid me thirty pieces of silver. (Matthew 26:14-16) And the Lord said to me, “Throw it to the potter”— the handsome price at which they priced me! So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw them into the house of the Lord, to the potter. (Matthew 27:3-8)

23. Daniel 9:24-26 Seventy ‘sevens’ are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy. Know and understand this: From the issuing of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, until the Anointed One, the ruler comes, there will be seven ‘sevens’ and sixty two ‘sevens’ Decree of Artaxerxes (Ezra 7:12-26) 458 BC 458 BC - 490 years = -32 No zero BC = 33 AD when Messiah will come to Jerusalem

24.  Be born in Bethlehem  Be raised in Galilee near Nazareth  Be despised and rejected by men  Be meek and silent before his accusers  Be “pierced”  Be crucified  Have his garments divided and gambled over  Be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver  Come to Jerusalem to make atonement for sin in about AD 33  And many more…. Was all this an accident, or did God plan all along for the Passion of the Christ for forgiveness of sins? What do you think? Jesus: Man, Myth or Messiah?

25. Old Testament Prophecy ContentNew Testament Fulfillment Genesis 3:15Satan will attack the Messiah, but the Messiah will destroy the work of Satan.Matthew 4:1-11, Luke 4:1-13 Genesis 49:10,11The Messiah will be from Judah (also hints about a vine, a colt, a branch and blood/grapes) Matthew 1:2,3 Deut 18:15-18God will raise up a prophet like, but greater than Moses.Matthew 21:11, Mark 6:15 Psalm 16:10,11The Messiah will not be abandoned to the grave (will be resurrected).John 2:19, Luke 24:1-7 Psalm 22:15-18The Messiah will be crucified, his bones not broken, his clothing divided and gambled over. John 19:6,7, John 19:31-34, John 19:23,24 Psalm 31:5The Messiah will commit his spirit into the hands of God.Luke 23:46 Psalm 69:9,21The Messiah will show zeal for God’s house. He will be given gall and vinegar to drink.John 2:12-17, Matthew 27:3 Psalm 110:1,4The Messiah will be a priest in the order of Melchizedek.Hebrews 7:11-18 Psalm 118:22,23The Messiah will be rejected, but will become the foundation of the Kingdom of God.Matthew 23:37, Acts 4:10 Isaiah 7:14The Messiah will be born of a virgin.Luke 1:26-38 Isaiah 9:1,2,6,7The Messiah will be from Galilee; in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali.Matthew 4:12-16 Isaiah 11:1,2The Messiah will be descended from Jesse and will be a Branch (Nazarene).Matthew 1:5,6, John 1:45,46 Isaiah 35:5,6The Messiah will heal the deaf, the blind and the physically disabled.Mark 7:32-25, 8:22-26, 2:3-12 Isaiah 42:1-4The Messiah will be miraculously humble.John 8:1-11 Isaiah 53The Messiah will be despised, he will be pierced, he will take on himself the sin of mankind, he will be silent before his accusers, and will be buried with the rich. Matthew 27:15-18, John 19:33-35, Mark 14:60,61, 15:3-5, Mark 15:42-46 Daniel 9:24-27The Messiah will come to Jerusalem to bring salvation somewhere between AD 26-33.Luke 3:1,2 Micah 5:2The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem Ephrathah.Luke 2:1-7 Zechariah 6:9-15The Messiah will be a king and a priest, and will bring harmony between the two.John 18:37, Hebrews 7:11-17 Zechariah 9:9-11The Messiah will ride as a king into Jerusalem riding on a donkey and the colt of that donkey. Matthew 21:1-7 Zechariah 11:10- 14 The Messiah will be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver. The money will be thrown to “the potter.” Matthew 26:14-16, Matthew 27:6,7 Zechariah 13:7When the Messiah is attacked, his “sheep” will be scattered.Mark 14:50,51

26. Prophecies of the Kingdom of God Prophesied Quality of the Kingdom of God Old Testament Prophecies (and New Testament fulfillment) Establishment of the Kingdom.Jeremiah 31:31-34 (Hebrews 9:15) Ezekiel 36:24-27 (John 16:13-15, Acts 2:38) Who will be the King?Ezekiel 34:23,24 (John 10:14, Ephesians 1:22,23) Hosea 3:5 Joel 2:28-32 (Acts 2:16-21) Zechariah 13:1,2 Extent of the Kingdom of God.Isaiah 49:6, 42:6 Isaiah 2:2-4 Isaiah 54:1 (Galatians 4:26-28) Ezekiel 17:22-24 Zechariah 2:10,11 Relationship between King and subjects. Exodus 19:5,6 (1 Peter 2:9, 1 Timothy 2:5 Ezekiel 37:24-28 (2 Corinthians 6:6) Ezekiel 11:19,20 Hosea 1:10,11, 2:23 (Romans 9:25,26) Relationships between subjects in the Kingdom of God. Isaiah 11:6-10 (Galatians 3:26-28) Persecution of the Kingdom of God.Daniel 7:6-8 Daniel 7:19-25 Power and Endurance of the Kingdom of God. Daniel 7:26,27 Amos 9:11 2 Samuel 7:12-14 Daniel 2:44

27.  John 5:39-40 You diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life.  Old Testament like a play….  Old Testament like a mystery…. From Shadow to Reality

28. Foreshadow: An object, event, person or situation which stands for something similar, but of greater significance in the future. Prefigure: A specific thing which stands for another specific thing similar to it in the future. Type and Antitype: A person or thing regarded as the symbol of someone or something which is yet to appear

29. Historical Foreshadows  1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the fulfillment of the ages has come.  A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.  Genesis 22:1-14

30. Prefigures of Jesus Christ  Adam  Melchizedek, Isaac, Joseph  Moses  Joshua  Deborah, Samson, Saul  David  Elijah, Jonah  Daniel, Cyrus  Joshua the priest, Esther

31. Parallels Between Moses and Jesus Moses Jesus Pharaoh tried to kill him Herod tried to kill him Called by God to leave EgyptCarried out of Egypt Forty years in the wilderness to prepare for his ministry Forty days in the wilderness to prepare for his ministry Left his position with the king of Egypt to dwell with the Jews Left the right hand of the Father to life with the Jews Led Israel out of slavery in EgyptLeads Spiritual Israel out of sin Aaron prepared the way John the Baptist prepared the way Baptized Israel in the Red Sea in order to free them Commands baptism in water for freedom from sin Gave manna in the wilderness (sort of) Gives spiritual bread to all who hunger Gave water to the people in the desert Gives spiritual water: the Holy Spirit Spoke to God on Mt. SinaiSpoke to God on Mt. Hermon

32. Model of The Jewish Tabernacle Hebrews 10:19-20

33. Type/Antitype Relationships in the Tabernacle ITEM IN TABERNACLE OR TEMPLE ANTITYPE IN THE NEW COVENANT SCRIPTURE REFERENCE The tabernacle itselfGod dwelling with his people John 14:1-3, John 1:14J. Rev 1:13 The bronze altar of sacrifice The sacrifice of Jesus for sins The basin/laver Baptism The show bread The bread of life, Jesus Christ The lampstand The Holy Spirit Zechariah 4:1-6 The altar of incenseThe prayers of the saintsRevelation 5:8 The blue, purple and scarlet yarn The heavens, the kingship of God, the blood of Jesus The curtainSeparation from GodMatthew 27:51 The ark of the covenantThe presence of God The Mercy Seat The grace of God The Cherubim Hebrews 9:14 Titus 3:5 John 6:48-51 Psalm 132:7,8 The angels in heavenEzekiel 10:15-22

34. Sacrificial Type and Antitype Old Testament Sacrifice New Testament fulfillment Scriptures Sweet Savor Sacrifices The Burnt Offering Jesus’ and our devotion to God Ephesians 5:1,2 Romans 12:1,2 The Grain Offering Giving back a contribution to God Matthew 6:19-21 Romans 8,9 The Drink OfferingPouring out our life for God Luke 22:20 Philippians 2:16 The Fellowship Offering Celebrating our blessings from God John 10:10 1 Thess 5:16 Blood Sacrifices The Sin Offering Jesus’ sacrifice for our sins 1 Peter 1:18,19 2 Corinthians 5:21 The Guilt Offering Maintaining a relationship with one another Matthew 5:23,24

35. The Red Heifer Sacrifice as a Prefigure The Red Heifer SacrificeThe Sacrifice of Jesus A very rare red heiferA unique son Sacrificed outside the camp (on the Mount of Olives) Sacrificed outside the camp (on the Mount of Olives) To purify both Jews and Gentiles A sacrifice without blemish (not even one black hair!) A sacrifice without blemish Never been yoked (voluntary, not sinned) A voluntary sacrifice, without sin Scarlet wool and woodBlood on wood Hyssop (purification from infection) Purifies from the infection of sin Combines ashes from sacrifice with water for purification. Combine the blood of Jesus with baptism for purification

36. First Covenant Festivals as Types Jewish FestivalAntitype in the Christian Life Passover ( pesach ) The Sacrificial Death of Jesus Christ Feast of FirstfruitsThe Resurrection of Jesus Christ Feast of Unleavened BreadCelebrating Being Free of Sin in Our Lives Feast of Weeks/Pentecost ( shavoat ) The Giving of the Holy Spirit and the Initiation of the Church Feast of Trumpets ( rosh hashanah ) Judgement Day, Jesus Coming Back Day of Atonement ( yom kippur ) The Day We Were Saved— Spiritual Birthday Feast of Booths (Tabernacles) Celebrating Life in Fellowship with God

37. Feast of Trumpets Rosh Hashanah/Yom Teruah  A foreshadow of the Return of Jesus. Matt 25:30-31, I Thess 4:13-14 Trumpet call.  A foreshadow of Judgment Day  Rabbis: Stay awake all night so you will be prepared.

38. The Day of Atonement Yom Kippur Sacrificial goat and scape goat. Sins laid on sacrificial goat, killed outside the camp. Prefigure of the salvation of Jesus.

39. Passover/Pesach  Death sentence  Pure, undefiled Passover almb  Blood sprinkled on the wooden beam above the door.  A remembrance of salvation from death  A rembrance of salvation from slavery  No bone broken  The third cup: the cup of salvation.

40. Feast of Firstfruits  A harvest festival when there was no harvest.  A promise of a future harvest.  A foreshadow of the final resurrection.  A prefigure of the resurrection of Jesus.  Coll 1:18 The first born from among the dead.

41. Conclusion? What is your response to Jesus?  John 11:25, 43-50  Many believed in him  Others decided to kill him.  What about you?