1. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Treatments for Abnormality

2. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Psychological Therapies

3. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5

4. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Psychodynamic Therapies Concepts Free Association Transferenc e Counter- Transference Working Through Therapeutic Alliance Resistance

5. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Humanistic Therapy Also known as person-centered therapy. Client-centered therapy is the best known of these therapies.

6. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Essential Ingredients of Client- Centered Therapy 1.The therapist communicates a genuineness in his or her role as helper to the client. 2.The therapist shows unconditional positive regard for the client. 3.The therapist communicates an empathic understanding of the client by making it clear that he or she understands and accepts the client’s underlying feelings and search for self.

7. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Behavior Therapies The behavioral assessment is the foundation for behavior therapy. Therapist works with the client to identify the specific circumstances that seem to elicit the client’s negative behavior or emotional responses.

8. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Methods Used In Behavior Therapies Removal of reinforcements Aversion therapy Relaxation exercises Distraction techniques Flooding or implosive therapy

9. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Methods Used In Behavior Therapies, continued Systematic desensitization Response shaping through operant conditioning Behavioral contracting Modeling and observational learning

10. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Cognitive Therapies Assist clients in identifying their irrational and maladaptive thoughts and replacing them with more adaptive ways of thinking.

11. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Techniques in Cognitive Therapies Challenge idiosyncratic meanings Question the evidence Reattribution Examine options and alternatives “Decatastrophize” Fantasize consequences

12. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Techniques in Cognitive Therapies, continued Examine advantages and disadvantages Turn adversity to advantage Guided association Scaling Thought stopping Distraction Labeling of distortions

13. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5

14. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Group Therapy Should Provide Opportunities for growth and personal satisfaction by helping others Information and advice for members Examples of appropriate conduct A safe place to take risks and accept criticism Information that other people share the same problem Opportunities to express feelings and gain self- understanding Opportunities to acquire and improve skills

15. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Therapy for Groups and the Community Must the therapist and the client come from the same ethnic group or nationality? How and when does it matter? Must the therapist and the client be of the same sex and gender? How and when does it matter? What values are important in each of these questions?

16. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Factors of Successful Therapy A positive relationship with therapist An explanation or interpretation of why the client is suffering Other factors – Encouragement to confront negative emotions – An integrative approach

17. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Biological Treatments: Drug Therapies Reduce symptoms of anxiety. Examples: Nembutal, Valium Antianxiety Drugs Reduce symptoms of anxiety. Examples: Lithobid, Cibalith-S Lithium/Mood Stabilizers Reduce symptoms of depression. Examples: Parnate, Elavil, Prozac Antidepressant Drugs Reduce symptoms of psychosis. Examples: Thorazine, Clozaril, Haldol Antipsychotic Drugs

18. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Electroconvulsive Therapy An alternative to drug therapies in the treatment of some disorders is ECT (electroconvulsive therapy). ECT consists of a series of treatments in which a brain seizure is induced by passing electrical current through the patient’s brain.

19. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Psychosurgery Prefrontal lobotomies were eventually criticized as a cruel and ineffective means of treating psychosis. Psychosurgery declined after the 1950s, rarely used today and only with the most severe cases with patients who do not respond to other forms of treatment.

20. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 The Social Impact of the Biological Approach to Therapy What is the responsibility of the sufferer? What side effects could produce unwanted social harms? Is there an ease to drugs that allows us to forget or over-look other issues? Are there alternatives within the biological approach to therapy? What about herbs or holistic approaches?