1. Semantic Web services Chankyu Park 08/04/2005

2. Agenda Next Generation Web Tutorial of Ontology for SWS Concept of SWS OWL-S ontology OWL-S Development Tools Other efforts to SWS

3. Next Generation Web Semantic Web Services Semantic Web TechniquesWeb Services Techniques XML Automated Knowledge Bases Rules (RuleML) Ontologies (OWL) Databases (SQL, XQuery, RDF) Two interwoven aspects: Program: Web Services Data: Semantic Web API’s on Web (WSDL, SOAP) First Generation Web

4. SWSI Language effort, on top of Current WS Standards Stack Wire ProtocolService Description, BPML The Semantic Web Services Initiative (SWSI) is an ad hoc initiative of academic and industrial researchers, many of which are involved in DARPA and EU funded research projects.

5. Tutorial of Ontology for SWS “ An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization. ” Ontologies consists of: -Concepts -Relations (between concepts) -Instances (specific, non generic concepts) -Axioms (knowledge using logics) Used for: -Defining knowledge -Communication -Knowledge reuse -A reasoner can be used to make inferences about concepts in ontologies

6. Ontology Example Shape CircleSquar e radius concept relationship subClassOf property

7. OWL Web Ontology Language XML-based language for representing ontologies W3C recommendation Build on RDF and RDFS

8. XML representation of OWL

9. Semantic Web Services Web services were designed to be loosely coupled and inter-operable Traditional Web services require a huge amount of human interaction for integration of multiple applications –Because it requires an understanding of data and functions of the involved entities Semantic Web technologies add annotations to data and functions using ontologies

10. Semantic Web Services This helps create a machine processable information which can be used for automated service publication, service discovery, service composition, negotiation and execution as primary goals In other words: Semantic Web Services = Web Services + Semantic Web Technology

11. Traditional Web Service Traditional Web Service Input ( name=isbn, type=int) Input ( name=title, type=String) Input ( name=year, type=int) Output ( name=price, type=float) getPrice

12. Semantic Web Service Semantic Web Service getPrice Domain Ontology Functional Ontology Operation = Ont#getPrice Output (name=price, type=Ont#BookPrice) Input(name=year, type=Ont#PrintYear) Input (name=isbn, type=Ont#ISBN) Input ( name=title, type=Ont#BookTitle) Location=Georgia Category=Book Stores Supply Time=2 days QoS Ontology Availability = 0.9

13. OWL-S Ontology OWL-S is an OWL ontology to describe Web services Formerly called DAML_S by DAML Group W3C Note OWL-S leverages on OWL to –Support capability based discovery of Web services –Support automatic composition of Web Services –Support automatic invocation of Web services –OWL-S provides a semantic layer over Web services standards OWL-S relies on WSDL for Web service invocation (see Grounding) OWL-s Expands UDDI for Web service discovery (OWL- S/UDDI mapping)

14. OWL-S Upper Ontology Mapping to WSDL communication protocol (RPC, HTTP, …) marshalling/serialization transformation to and from XSD to OWL Control flow of the service Black/Grey/Glass Box view Protocol Specification Abstract Messages Capability specification General features of the Service Quality of Service Classification in Service taxonomies

15. Service Profile (What does it do?) High-level characterization/summary of a service –“Black box” view: Information needed to find and select a service – IOPE: Inputs, outputs, preconditions, effects –“Binding rules” for inputs, outputs –“Roles” involved Can employ logical rules Analogous to procedure header, DB schema

16. OWL-S IOPEs Example Input: –ItemDescription (several forms), PriceRange, AcctName, Passwd, CreditCard#, Shipping-address, Input usage rule: –Exists(Acct) => Defined (CreditCard#, Shipping- Address) Precondition: –Exists(Acct) | CanCreate(Acct) Output: –‘Succeed’ + Receipt | ‘Cancel’ | ‘Fail’ Effect: –‘Succeed’  ShippingOrderPlaced

17. OWL-S Upper Ontology Mapping to WSDL communication protocol (RPC, HTTP, …) marshalling/serialization transformation to and from XSD to OWL Control flow of the service Protocol Specification Abstract Messages Capability specification General features of the Service Quality of Service Classification in Service taxonomies

18. Service Model (How does it work?) Interpretable description of service provider’s behavior Tells service user how and when to interact (read/write messages) “Glass box” view Detailed characterization of what it does Can employ logical rules Analogous to procedure body (but abstract) Used for: –Service invocation, planning/composition, interoperation, monitoring

19. OWL-S Service Model

20. Composite Process Example www.acmeair.com book flight service customer name flight numbers dates credit card no.... confirmation no.... failure notification errror information … ? www.acmehotel.com book hotel service confirmation no. dates room type credit card no.... confirmation no.... failure notification … ? www.acmecar.com book car service customer name location car type dates credit card no.... confirmation no.... failure notification … ? ? Input & Preconditions Output & Effects

21. OWL-S Upper Ontology Mapping to WSDL communication protocol (RPC, HTTP, …) marshalling/serialization transformation to and from XSD to OWL Control flow of the service Black/Grey/Glass Box view Protocol Specification Abstract Messages Capability specification General features of the Service Quality of Service Classification in Service taxonomies

22. OWL-S/WSDL Grounding

23. Service Grounding (How is it used?) Implementation-specific Message formatting, transport mechanisms, protocols, serializations of types Service Model + Grounding give everything needed for using the service Examples: HTTP forms, SOAP, KQML, CORBA IDL, OAA ICL, Java RMI

24. Grounding Example Transport: Secure HTTP Protocol: HTTP Forms Address: https://buybot.congo.com:4040/initsub.htm Type Serializations –ItemDescription (keywords): Set of DAML literals –PriceRange: pair of monetary units, ISO 5678 –CreditCard: https://transcredit.com/S1.daml#SecureTransferFor mat

25. OWL-S Development Tools WSDL2OWLS. Available at http://www.daml.ri.cmu.edu/wsdl2owls OWL-S/UDDI matchmaker Available at http://www.daml.ri.cmu.edu/matchmak er. Complete implementation of OWL-S 1.1 API

26. Other efforts to SWS Web Service Modeling Framework (WSML)- Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) Internet Reasoning Service (IRS-II) and (IRS-III) are Semantic Web Services Framework, developed by KMI, …

27. References OWL-S The main repository of papers on OWL-S is at http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/pub- archive.html http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/pub- archive.html The main source of information on OWL-S is the Web site http://www.daml.org/services/owl-shttp://www.daml.org/services/owl-s W3C reference http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL-S/ http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL-S/