1. Identify the Problem Identify Criteria And Constraints Brainstorm Solutions Generate Ideas Explore Possibilities Select an Approach Prototype Refine Design

2. Why??  The Design Process ensures that the idea is feasible, reduces the cost of the project, and makes the best use of the time used by the project.

3. How??  Think about the steps of the Design Process while watching this short video:

4. Identify the Problem Identify Criteria And Constraints Brainstorm Solutions Generate Ideas Explore Possibilities Select an Approach Prototype Refine Design

5. Identify the Problem  What is to be accomplished?  Is this necessary? If so, why?  Is the idea feasible using current resources?

6. Identify the Problem: Application  Rube Goldberg machines have multiple steps in order to reach a singular goal. What is the ultimate goal? How will the steps advance the machine? What forces are required to reach the goal?

7. Identify Criteria and Constraints  Are there any special requirements that the project must meet?  Some projects have identified criteria. Pay close attention to the information you are given!! Size Cost Material list

8. Identify Criteria and Constraints: Application  Read and analyze the project handout. Note: Size limit Intervention limit Step count Step criteria  Return to this step continuously in order to give development of the project direction.

9. Brainstorm Solutions  Write down ideas that could be implemented to achieve desired result. Lists, webs, and diagrams are all great methods to brainstorm.  Once the possible solutions have been put to paper, go through and eliminate those that are not feasible or do not fit into the applicable criteria.  Do not erase these, however, as they may provide new ideas for problems later on.

10. Brainstorm Solutions: Application  What does the machine need to accomplish? What motion is involved? How much force is required?  Use equal parts prior knowledge and research to accomplish this step.

11. Generate Ideas  Ideas are built on the possible solutions made in the previous step.  Ideas should be slightly more developed and detailed. These can always be changed or improved on later.  Ideas should be buildable and testable.

12. Generate Ideas: Application  Build a list of steps the machine will run through. These should be plausible to build When possible, sketch the ideas to give form to the steps

13. Explore Possibilities  Research, Research, Research! Have the ideas generated been done before? If so, what were some problems encountered?  Begin to elaborate and eliminate ideas. Are any ideas outside the criteria? Do the ideas have sufficient detail to be built accurately?

14. Explore Possibilities: Application  Search for previous Rube Goldberg projects. Have your ideas been implemented in other machines? Can any ideas be adapted for use in your machine?  Remember: Copying steps is plagiarism!! Cite your sources!!

15. Select an Approach  Choose ONE idea to begin developing. This should be plausible and testable  Write a procedure for prototyping. This will be crucial in the next step.

16. Select an Approach: Application  Detail one step in the machine. What materials should be used? What forces will be exerted on the parts? How will the parts be fabricated?  Note: This step and the next step will be used again and again for each step of the machine. Be sure to look over the other steps from time to time as well.

17. Prototype  Build the idea Measure twice, cut once Adhere to ALL safety regulations (Don’t forget eye protection!) If you don’t know how to use it, don’t.

18. Prototype: Application  Gather materials and begin assembly. Do any materials require special tools or processes?  Return to this step every time you select a new approach.

19. Refine Design  Did the prototype work? If so, are there any improvements that can be made to enhance performance? If not, identify the problem and find a solution. If the idea fails completely, is there another way to get the desired results?  This step generally reflects the time and effort put into the other steps. More time spent in planning = less time revising the design.

20. Refine Design: Application  Did the step successfully trigger the next step or accomplish the goal?  Can the step be streamlined to operate faster, smoother, or better?  Can cheaper or more readily available materials be used?

21. Things to Remember  The design process is iterative. Most engineers spend years checking and rechecking their design before it ever sees production.  The more time spent in design, the better the overall project will be.  Keep checking the criteria.  Remember what the original problem is. Its easy to get sidetracked.

22. Quiz!!  Before continuing, be sure you are familiar with the topics discussed!

23. 1. A student asks, “How big does the table need to be?”  What step is the student exhibiting? a) Select an Approach Select an Approach b) Identify the Problem Identify the Problem c) Refine Design Refine Design d) Prototype Prototype

24. Try Again!  Remember: the student wants to know what needs to be accomplished.

25. Good Job!

26. 2. What should be considered during Prototyping? a) How much the materials cost How much the materials cost b) Ideas to solve the ultimate goal Ideas to solve the ultimate goal c) Safety regulations Safety regulations d) None of the above None of the above

27. Try Again!  Remember: safety is the number 1 priority when prototyping.

28. Good Job!

29. 3. How many times should the Design Process be implemented? a) Once Once b) Twice Twice c) Never Never d) As many as needed As many as needed

30. Try Again!  Remember: The Design Process is iterative.

31. Good Job!

32. 4. What should be considered when refining a design? a) Speed Speed b) Efficiency Efficiency c) Cost Cost d) All of the above All of the above

33. Try Again!  Remember: Refining involves looking at all aspects of the project.

34. Good Job!

35. 5. Considering how legs will fit to a table is which stage? a) Prototype Prototype b) Select an Approach Select an Approach c) Refine Design Refine Design d) A + B A + B

36. Try Again!  Remember: Some considerations apply to many stages.

37. Good Job!

38. References  http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators /plantgrowth/reference/Eng_Design_5- 12.html http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators /plantgrowth/reference/Eng_Design_5- 12.html  http://www.mos.org/eie/engineering_design.php http://www.mos.org/eie/engineering_design.php  http://www.teachengineering.org/engrdesig nprocess.php http://www.teachengineering.org/engrdesig nprocess.php  http://www.theworks.org/fb/teachers/engine ering_design_process.html http://www.theworks.org/fb/teachers/engine ering_design_process.html  www.youtube.com www.youtube.com