1. QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF “Morphology of the words” Lesson 9
Lessons from the book
MABADE” ALA’RABIYAH –
basics of Arabic Grammar
RASHEED SHARTOONI
Compiled by: Sheikh Safdar Razi Ali 1

2. 13- Patterns of derived nouns (Al Ism Mushtaq)
There are 7 Patterns in Nouns that we will discuss:
Subject Noun FAAE’L كاتب=فاعل
Object Noun MAFU’OOL مكتوب=مفعول
Siffah Mushabihah (Description similar to Subject), Extensive Emphasis AFA’L اسود=افعل
Superlative Noun AFA’LA MIN اكبرمن= افعل من
Amplifying noun FA’AAL الرحمن=فعّال
Time Noun MAFE’Lمغرب=مفعل
Place Noun MAFA’Lمركز=مفعل
Tool Noun MEFA’AALمنشار=مفعال 2

3. 13-Patterns – Subject Noun - اسم فاعل
Subject Noun – Ism Faail اسم فاعل
It is a noun that indicates a doer (Actor) of an action.
In English we have a similar pattern: “Build” + er = Builder, Painter, Baker, Maker,
There is a difference between the noun of subject (ISM FAAE’L) and the grammatical subject which will be discussed in the grammar, for example :
QAATIL قاتل in SARF is a noun of subject (ISM FAAE’L) because it is on the scale of FAAE’L فاعل , but it may be a grammatical subject or grammatical object depends on the grammatical position:
ضرب القاتل عليا DHARAB ALQAATILO ALIYAN
ALQAATIL (murder) is a subject (ends with a DHAMMA) in the first and is and an object (ends with a FATHA) in the next sentence:
ضرب علي القاتل DHARAB ALIYON ALQAATILA 3

4. Three Lettered verbs have a scale of فاعل
ضرب (Hit)  ضارب
نصر  ناصر
In a tri-lettered verb, if the Ayn of the verb is a Alif, then a Hamza will be added after the Alif.
نامنائمNaa’em
صامصائمSaa’em
باعبائعBaa’e
قالقائلQaa’el

5. Four Lettered verbs have a scale of Mufel
Prefix the verb with Meem with a Dhammah
Add a Kasra on the letter before the last letter
(مفعل) Mufe’l
استغفرمستغفرMustagfer
Add more examples, it would help. 5

6. Patterns – Subject Noun - اسم فاعل
Ism Faa’el فاعل اسم replaces a verb and is used as a verb (which requires a grammatical subject and perhaps an object) when:
it is articulated with الafter it
a subject that has a linking pronoun (and an object if the verb form is transitive verb)
Al-Aamilo Akooho
جاء الرجُلُ العامل أخوه
The man came who’s brother is a worker
Jaa’a جاء – Past Tense
Ar Rujulالرجُلُ –Subject - (The Man)
Al Aamelu العاملُ– Ism Fa’el (replaced the verb عملAamala)
أخوه– Subject of Al-Aamil عامل Linking pronoun “ho” referring back to الرجُلُ 6

7. 13- Patterns – Ism Mafool (Object) اسم مفعول
Ism Mafool is a noun which is derived from a passive verb (مبني المجهل) to indicate an object (The one which the action of verb was done on)
Three Lettered Form: Foela فُعِلَ Mafoolمفعول
Dhuriba ضرب (Hit)  مضروبMudhroob (The one who was hit)
Nosera نصر (Supported) منصورMansoor (The one who was supported) 7

8. Patterns – Ism Mafool (Object) اسم مفعول
1. If the verb had a vowel letter (Alif, Wow, Yaa) in the middle (Ay’n) then it is returned to its Original vowel letter (by turning into a present tense in most cases)
Qaa La قال  Yaqool يقول  Maqool مقول (said word)
Baa’a باَعَ (sold)YABEE’ يبيع (selling-present tense)  Mabee’a (commodity) مَبِيع [the (A’yn ع ) Alif ا is originally Yaaي , therefore it turns into a Yaaي]
2. If the verb ended with a vowel letter Alifا which was originally Yaaى , then it will be converted to YAA .
Banaa بَنَىَ Present Tense Banee بنى Mabneeمَبنىِ
or If the vowel letter Alifا was originally wowو then it will be coverted to wow:
DaAaaدَعَاَ  Yadoo يدعو(Present)  MadOooمَدعُو = The invited one 8

9. Patterns – Ism Mafool (Object) اسم مفعول
3. Some times Ism Mafool is used on one of the scales of ISM Faa’elفاعل such as FA’EEL فعيل
Qatalaقتل  Qateel قتيل (Murdered One)
OR  Maqtoolمقتول
Jaraha جَرَحَ Jareeh جَريح
OR  MaJrooh مجروح= Injured one
For non tri-lettered Mafool nouns it will be prefixed by a meemم with dhamma, and the letter before the last one will have a fatha.
Scale of Mof’al
Qad’dara قّدّرمقدّر Muqad’dar
IsTakrajاستخرخ مستخرجMustakhraj
Please note: Every non tri-lettered object (Ism Mafool) is Masdar Meem but not vice versa.
Qatala  Qateel isnt that Shibh Jomla, not Ism Faa’el 9

10. Patterns – Ism Mafool (Object) اسم مفعول
Ism Mafool is dealt as a noun Marfoo, Mansoob, and Majroor. Some times it will act as a passive verb and will take the place of the verb, in such case it will require a Naaeb Fael (successor of subject). The details of this will be discussed in grammar.
There is a difference between the noun of object (ISM MAFU’OOL) and the grammatical object which will be discussed in the grammar, for example :
MAQTOOL مقتول in SARF is a noun of object (ISM MAFU’OOL) because it is on the scale of MAFU’OOLمفعول , but it may be a grammatical subject or grammatical object depends on the grammatical position:
ضرب المقتول عليا DHARAB AL MAQTOOLO ALIYAN
ALMAQTOOL (victim) is a subject (ends with a DHAMMA) in the first and is an object (ends with a FATHA) in the next sentence:
ضرب علي المقتول DHARAB ALIYON AL MAQTOOLA 10